Chitosan signaling in guard cells requires endogenous salicylic acid

Prodhan, Yeasin; Issak, Mohammad; Nakamura, Toshiyuki; Munemasa, Shintaro; Nakamura, Yoshimasa; Murata, Yoshiyuki

doi:10.1080/09168451.2017.1332979

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Several microbial elicitors (chitosan, flg22, harpin, and cryptogein) promoted stomatal closure and prevented pathogens' entry. These elicitors produce NO and ROS via nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and NADPH oxidase, respectively (Klüsener et al, 2002;Melotto et al, 2006;Agurla and Raghavendra, 2016;Gayatri et al, 2017;Prodhan et al, 2020). The combined action of ROS and NO could be imparting pathogen resistance.…”

Section: Stomatal Closure By Compounds Other Than Aba and Their Intermentioning

confidence: 99%

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Abscisic Acid-Induced Stomatal Closure: An Important Component of Plant Defense Against Abiotic and Biotic Stress

2021

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Abscisic acid (ABA) is a stress hormone that accumulates under different abiotic and biotic stresses. A typical effect of ABA on leaves is to reduce transpirational water loss by closing stomata and parallelly defend against microbes by restricting their entry through stomatal pores. ABA can also promote the accumulation of polyamines, sphingolipids, and even proline. Stomatal closure by compounds other than ABA also helps plant defense against both abiotic and biotic stress factors. Further, ABA can interact with other hormones, such as methyl jasmonate (MJ) and salicylic acid (SA). Such cross-talk can be an additional factor in plant adaptations against environmental stresses and microbial pathogens. The present review highlights the recent progress in understanding ABA’s multifaceted role under stress conditions, particularly stomatal closure. We point out the importance of reactive oxygen species (ROS), reactive carbonyl species (RCS), nitric oxide (NO), and Ca2+ in guard cells as key signaling components during the ABA-mediated short-term plant defense reactions. The rise in ROS, RCS, NO, and intracellular Ca2+ triggered by ABA can promote additional events involved in long-term adaptive measures, including gene expression, accumulation of compatible solutes to protect the cell, hypersensitive response (HR), and programmed cell death (PCD). Several pathogens can counteract and try to reopen stomata. Similarly, pathogens attempt to trigger PCD of host tissue to their benefit. Yet, ABA-induced effects independent of stomatal closure can delay the pathogen spread and infection within leaves. Stomatal closure and other ABA influences can be among the early steps of defense and a crucial component of plants’ innate immunity response. Stomatal guard cells are quite sensitive to environmental stress and are considered good model systems for signal transduction studies. Further research on the ABA-induced stomatal closure mechanism can help us design strategies for plant/crop adaptations to stress.

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Section: Stomatal Closure By Compounds Other Than Aba and Their Intermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An SA-receptor, NPR1, mediated chitosan signaling in guard cells (Prodhan et al, 2020). SA, chitosan, and ABA interacted during stomatal closure by activating MAP kinases (MPK9 and MPK12) (Salam et al, 2012;Khokon et al, 2017).…”

Section: Stomatal Closure By Compounds Other Than Aba and Their Intermentioning

confidence: 99%

Abscisic Acid-Induced Stomatal Closure: An Important Component of Plant Defense Against Abiotic and Biotic Stress

2021

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“…It is known that CHT treatment reduces the photosynthetic linear electron transport rate (ETR) and ion channel activity in the guard cells of Vicia faba, thus contributes to the induction of stomatal closure and/or inhibition of light-induced stomatal opening [36]. Moreover, CHT induces ROS and RNS production in the guard cells of epidermal peels [33] and thus stimulates stomatal closure via SA-dependent signalling [35]. Our results also demonstrated that CHT significantly caused stomatal closure before dark/light transition only if the elicitor treatment was carried out in the previous light phase of the day (at 17:00 hrs).…”

Section: Daytime and Light Dependency Of Stomatal Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Interestingly, either endogenous abscisic acid (ABA) or endogenous JA was not involved in CHT-induced stomatal closure in Arabidopsis thaliana [34]. Furthermore, SA seems to be the key component in CHT-induced stomatal closure based on the investigation of epidermal peels of SA-deficient nahG mutants [35]. As defence mechanisms are based mainly on hormonal interactions, the study of the daytime-dependency of occurrence of defence hormones and the expression of hormonal response genes are very important.…”

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confidence: 99%

Effects of Light and Daytime on the Regulation of Chitosan-Induced Stomatal Responses and Defence in Tomato Plants

Czékus

Poór

Tari

et al. 2020

Plants

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Closure of stomata upon pathogenesis is among the earliest plant immune responses. However, our knowledge is very limited about the dependency of plant defence responses to chitosan (CHT) on external factors (e.g., time of the day, presence, or absence of light) in intact plants. CHT induced stomatal closure before dark/light transition in leaves treated at 17:00 hrs and stomata were closed at 09:00 hrs in plants treated at dawn and in the morning. CHT was able to induce generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in guard cells in the first part of the light phase, but significant nitric oxide production was observable only at 15:00 hrs. The actual quantum yield of PSII electron transport (Φ PSII ) decreased upon CHT treatments at 09:00 hrs in guard cells but it declined only at dawn in mesophyll cells after the treatment at 17:00 hrs. Expression of Pathogenesis-related 1 (PR1) and Ethylene Response Factor 1 were already increased at dawn in the CHT-treated leaves but PR1 expression was inhibited in the dark. CHT-induced systemic response was also observed in the distal leaves of CHT-treated ones. Our results suggest a delayed and daytime-dependent defence response of tomato plants after CHT treatment at night and under darkness.Plants 2020, 9, 59 2 of 21 the day, which in turn regulates stomatal aperture and thereby stomatal defence against Pseudomonas syringae in Arabidopsis thaliana [14]. Another component involved in the clock-regulated stomata-based pre-invasive defence is the time for coffee (TIC), a night-expressed clock gene. TIC inhibits JA signalling in the evening and contributes to a stronger JA responsiveness in the morning [15,16]. Thus, both the daytime and/or the presence or absence of light seem to be crucial factor in the phytohormone-mediated response of plants against various pathogens.It can be concluded that diurnal effects of light can significantly influence plant-pathogen interactions. It is well known that light can directly inhibit spore germination, germ tube growth, and reduces the infection efficiency of many pathogenic fungi, such as Botrytis cinerea [17], Fusarium graminearum [18], Phakopsora pachyrhizi [19], and Puccinia hemerocallidis [20]. Thus, plants can be subjected to a greater challenge by many fungal pathogens at night than during the day [3]. Although stomata are closed at night and provide the first line of defence in the dark, at dawn stomata start to open thus provide infection window for many pathogens [21]. Decreased susceptibility to Botrytis cinerea was observed in Arabidopsis thaliana after inoculation at dawn compared with the night [22]. Besides rapid production of ROS and RNS at the infection sites, the initiation of the biosynthesis of SA and JA and increased expression of pathogenesis-related (PR) genes were also induced, which resulted in the hypersensitive response (HR). The localized contact with pathogens can further activate systemic acquired resistance (SAR) even at the whole plant level, which can protect the infected plant against the subsequent path...

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“…Chitosan promotes plant resistance to viral infection via the SA signaling pathway (Jia et al 2016). Chitosan‐induced stomatal closure requires endogenous SA (Prodhan et al 2017). However, it is unclear whether XOS signaling in guard cells is associated with SA or JA/ET signaling.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Xylooligosaccharides induce stomatal closure via salicylic acid signaling‐regulated reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide production in Arabidopsis

Zhang

Song

Jin

et al. 2021

Physiologia Plantarum

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Xylooligosaccharides (XOS) are the major coproducts of biofuel production and the most representative functional sugar enhancing animal physiology. However, little is known regarding the biological relevance of XOS to plants. Here, we found XOS triggered stomatal closure in Arabidopsis in a dose-dependent manner. Pamarcological data showed that XOS-induced stomatal closure was markedly inhibited by catalase (CAT, a reactive oxygen species [ROS] scavenger), salicylhydroxamic acid (SHAM, a peroxidase inhibitor), and 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide (cPTIO, a nitric oxide [NO] scavenger). Moreover, XOS induced the production of ROS and NO in guard cells of Arabidopsis. ROS production was strongly restricted by CAT and SHAM, but was unaffected by treatment with diphenyleneiodonium chloride (DPI, an NADPH oxidase inhibitor) or cPTIO. NO production was suppressed by CAT, SHAM, and cPTIO, but not by DPI. The elevation of ROS level mediated by SHAMsensitive peroxidases occurred upstream of NO. Additionally, XOS-triggered stomatal closure and ROS and NO accumulation were significantly impaired in npr1 (salicylic acid signaling) mutant plants, but were not in jar1 (jasmonic acid signaling) or ein2 (ethylene signaling) mutant plants. Furthermore, XOS-induced stomatal closure was unaffected in both ost1 and atrbohD atrbohF (abscisic acid [ABA] signaling) mutant plants.Therefore, these results indicated that the biotic sugar, XOS, can elicit stomatal closure via salicylic acid signaling-mediated production of ROS and NO, in a manner independent of ABA signaling.

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Chitosan signaling in guard cells requires endogenous salicylic acid

Cited by 12 publications

References 33 publications

Abscisic Acid-Induced Stomatal Closure: An Important Component of Plant Defense Against Abiotic and Biotic Stress

Abscisic Acid-Induced Stomatal Closure: An Important Component of Plant Defense Against Abiotic and Biotic Stress

Effects of Light and Daytime on the Regulation of Chitosan-Induced Stomatal Responses and Defence in Tomato Plants

Xylooligosaccharides induce stomatal closure via salicylic acid signaling‐regulated reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide production in Arabidopsis

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