Chitosan-poly (glycidyl methacrylate) copolymer for immobilization of urease

Chellapandian, M.; Krishnan, M.

doi:10.1016/s0032-9592(98)80001-0

Cited by 57 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Chitin can also be graft-copolymerized with several synthetic monomers such as acrylonitrile, methylmethacrylate, etc., whose properties are of use in biodegradable packaging film applications and enzyme immobilization systems. 10 Its polymeric cationic character has given it unique possibilities for utilization in drug delivery systems. 11 Depolymerized chitosan and carboxymethyl chitosan are used as active ingredients of hair shampoo, conditioner, and related treatments.…”

Section: A Polysaccharidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbohydrates—The Renewable Raw Materials of High Biotechnological Value

Ramesh

Tharanathan

2003

Critical Reviews in Biotechnology

120

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Carbohydrates are the potential biomolecules derived from nature. Their molecular diversity has led to a bewildering variety of species, structures and characteristics all performing a large array of functions of great significance. Biologically they are vital as message (immunological) carriers, physiologically they are useful as energy (nutritional) reserves, and technologically they are needed for altering the texture and consistency (functional) of foods. Recent advances in glycobiology have opened up a new understanding of the role of sugars in biology and medicine. Noncellulosic beta-(1-3)-linked D-glucans, a group of polysaccharides found as constituents of fungi, algae, and higher plants, exhibit many interesting properties, depending on their molecular conformation. They are excellent 'biological response modifiers' and show significant immunomodulatory activities. They elicit a variety of host defense biological responses, for example, potent antitumor activity. On the other hand, the mixed-linkage ((1-3/1-4)-beta-linked) glucans are important constituents of cereal cell walls, where they perform properties of physiological importance, such as water holding capacity, porosity, and plasticity, which are useful at different stages of growth/development of plants. Of late, carbohydrate-based therapeutics are becoming the promise against many chronic diseases of today and tomorrow. Some of the characteristic features, structural attributes, functional significance, and applications of a selected few carbohydrate species are the subject matter of this review.

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Section: A Polysaccharidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbohydrates—The Renewable Raw Materials of High Biotechnological Value

Ramesh

Tharanathan

2003

Critical Reviews in Biotechnology

120

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“…Chitosan-g-poly (glycidylmethacrylate) copolymer was used for immobilization of urease 1 and other modifications such as the grafting of methylmethacrylate onto chitin initiated by tributylborane, 2 poly (3-hydroxyalkonate)-chitosan conjugates, 3 chitosan modified poly(glycidylmethacrylate-butylacrylate), and chitosan grafted bovine pericardial tissue-anticalcification properties have been studied. 4 However, modification of chitosan via grafting of vinyl monomers is one of the most effective methods to incorporate desirable properties into chitosan without sacrificing its biodegradable nature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microwave promoted synthesis of chitosan‐graft‐poly(acrylonitrile)

Singh

Tripathi

Tiwari

et al. 2004

J of Applied Polymer Sci

105

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Using microwave (MW) irradiation, polyacrylonitrile was grafted onto chitosan with 170% grafting yield under homogeneous conditions in 1.5 min in the bsence of any radical initiator or catalyst. Under similar conditions a maximum grafting of 105% could be achieved when the K 2 S 2 O 8 /ascorbic acid redox system was used as radical initiator in a thermostatic water bath at 35 Ϯ 2°C. The representative graft copolymer was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectra, thermogravimetric analysis, and X-ray diffraction measurement, taking chitosan as a reference. The effects of such reaction variables as monomer/ chitosan concentration, MW power, and exposure time on the graft co polymerization were studied. A probable mechanism for grafting without the redox system under microwaves was proposed.

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“…Several strategies have been devised for enhancing the stability and activity of enzymes in organic media, such as chemical modification, 3 immobilization, 4,5 molecular imprinting with substrates, 6 the addition of effectors, 7 and the use of surfactants. 8,9 Substantial attention has been devoted to the covalent immobilization of enzymes to porous, insoluble supports such as glass, 10 alumina, 11 silica, 11 and chitosan [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21] because they possess a high catalytic activity per unit volume of the catalyst and minimum diffusion limitations and facilitate the diffusion of large substrate molecules into the porous structure of the matrix within which enzymes are bound.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chitosan has gained importance as an immobilization matrix in recent years because of its low cost and robust nature. There have been reports on the immobilization of several enzymes such as urease, 12 lipase, 13 ␤-galactosidase, 14 cellobiase, 15 tyrosinase, 16 invertase, 17 ␤-amylase, 18 alcohol dehydrogenase, 19 l-rhamnopyranosidase, 20 and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) 21 on chitosan. However, studies on the use of immobilized enzymes for biocatalysis in nonaqueous media are still scarce and have dealt with the properties of the immobilized enzyme in aqueous media only.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immobilization of horseradish peroxidase on chitosan for use in nonaqueous media

Bindhu

Abraham

2003

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Chitosan, a natural polysaccharide, was used for the covalent immobilization of horseradish peroxidase, an enzyme of high synthetic utility, with the carbodiimide method. Of the enzyme, 62% was immobilized on chitosan when 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl carbodiimide) was used as the peptide coupling agent. The influence of different parameters, such as the enzyme concentration, carbodiimide concentration, and incubation period, on the activity retention of the immobilized enzyme was investigated. Kinetic studies using horseradish peroxidase immobilized on chitosan revealed the effects of several parameters, such as the substrate hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity, the solubility of substrates in the medium, the solvent hydrophobicity, and the support aquaphilicity, on the catalytic activity of the immobilized enzyme in nonaqueous media. General rules for the optimization of solvents for nonaqueous enzymology based on the partitioning of the solvent were not applicable for the immobilized horseradish peroxidase. The catalytic efficiency was greatest when o-phenylene diamine was used as the substrate and least when guaiacol was used. The aquaphilicity of the support played an important role in the kinetics of the immobilized horseradish peroxidase in water-miscible solvents. The results were promising for the future development of chitosan-immobilized enzymes for use in organic media.

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Chitosan-poly (glycidyl methacrylate) copolymer for immobilization of urease

Cited by 57 publications

References 18 publications

Carbohydrates—The Renewable Raw Materials of High Biotechnological Value

Carbohydrates—The Renewable Raw Materials of High Biotechnological Value

Microwave promoted synthesis of chitosan‐graft‐poly(acrylonitrile)

Immobilization of horseradish peroxidase on chitosan for use in nonaqueous media

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