Chitosan-Nanoconjugated Hormone Nanoparticles for Sustained Surge of Gonadotropins and Enhanced Reproductive Output in Female Fish

Abstract

A controlled release delivery system helps to overcome the problem of short life of the leutinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) in blood and avoids use of multiple injections to enhance reproductive efficacy. Chitosan- and chitosan-gold nanoconjugates of salmon LHRH of desired size, dispersity and zeta potential were synthesized and evaluated at half the dose rate against full dose of bare LHRH for their reproductive efficacy in the female fish, Cyprinus carpio. Whereas injections of both the nanoconjugates induced controlled and sustained surge of the hormones with peak (P<0.01) at 24 hrs, surge due to bare LHRH reached its peak at 7 hrs and either remained at plateau or sharply declined thereafter. While the percentage of relative total eggs produced by fish were 130 and 67 per cent higher, that of fertilised eggs were 171 and 88 per cent higher on chitosan- and chitosan-gold nanoconjugates than bare LHRH. Chitosan nanoconjugates had a 13 per cent higher and chitosan gold preparation had a 9 per cent higher fertilization rate than bare LHRH. Histology of the ovaries also attested the pronounced effect of nanoparticles on reproductive output. This is the first report on use of chitosan-conjugated nanodelivery of gonadotropic hormone in fish.

Chitosan nanoparticle of hCG (Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin) hormone in increasing induction of dairy cattle ovulation

“…Dudhani & Kosaraju (2010) reported that formation of catechin chitosan nanoparticle at pH 5.5 resulted particle size as 130±5 nm. Rather et al (2013) said that particle size of chitosan nanoparticle of Luteinizing Hormone Releasing Hormone (LHRH) at pH 6.5 was 114±10.3 nm with PDI score 0.335. In contrast with Zengshuan et al (2002) who reported that formation of chitosan nanoparticle of insulin hormone at pH 5.3 resulting particle size by 243-271 nm with 0.50-0.57 of PDI score.…”

“…Wang et al (2008) reported that chitosan nanoparticle of estradiol hormone prepared by ionic glass method had zeta potential score and entrapment efficiency by +25.4 mV and 67% respectively. While, Rather et al (2013) said that chitosan nanoparticle of Luetinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH), with same method resulted zeta potention score and entrapment efficiency by -33.14±6.67 mV and 69% respectively.…”

“…Another approach is using slow release delivery system through implantation method. Hormone content packed or attached on matrix nanoparticle using biodegradable polymer has been used as potential hormone carrier by its capability to improve hormone stability and protected from rapid degradation during hormone transportation and controlling of bioactive agent releasing (Bhadra et al 2002;Vila et al 2002;Kommareddy et al 2005;Rather et al 2013).…”

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“…Chitosan nanoparticles (CSNPs) were prepared via ionotropic gelation of chitosan with TPP, according to a traditional method described earlier by Rather et al, 30 . Briefly, chitosan (25 mg) was dissolved in 500 mL of 0.05% acetic acid to obtain a 0.005% (w/v) chitosan solution (pH 5.5 ± 0.1).…”

Effect of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on male and female reproductive systems

“…These adverse effects are related to nanoparticle composition, surface modification, dose, exposure route and animal species [7][8][9]. In addition, emergent studies are available, regarding application of nanoparticles in reproductive technologies for inducing oocyte maturation, improving the survival and development of oocytes after cryopreservation, gene knockdown in oocytes, delivering antibodies into oocytes, sustained surge of T gonadotropins and enhanced reproductive output, and nanoparticle-based semen purification [10][11][12][13][14][15].…”