Chitosan/hydroxyapatite hybrid scaffold for bone tissue engineering

Abstract

BACKGROUND: To favor regeneration following critical bone defect, a combination of autologous bone graft and biomaterials is currently used. Major drawbacks of such techniques remain the availability of the autologous material and the second surgical site, inducing pain and morbidity. OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to investigate the biocompatibility in vitro of three dimensions hybrid biodegradable scaffolds combining osteoconductive properties of hydroxyapatite and anti-inflammatory properties of chitosan. METHODS: Hybrid scaffolds were characterized by microscopic observations, equilibrium swelling ratio and overtime weight loss measurements. In vitro studies were performed using primary human bone cells cultured for 7, 14 and 21 days. Cell viability, proliferation, morphology and differentiation through alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity measurement were assessed. RESULTS: Characterization of our scaffolds demonstrated porous, hydrophilic and biodegradable characteristics. In vitro studies showed that these scaffolds have induced slight decrease in cell death and proliferation comparing to the culture plastic substrate control condition, as well as increased short term osteoinductive properties. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, we have provided evidence that our hybrid hydroxyapatite/chitosan scaffolds could be suitable for bone filling.

Ectopic Osteogenesis and Scaffold Biodegradation of Nano-Hydroxyapatite-Chitosan in a Rat Model

“…Composite scaffolds based on a biodegradable natural polymer and osteoconductive hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles are promising for a variety of tissue engineering applications. HA-CS nanocomposites are excellent materials for local bone regeneration due to their biocompatibility, osteoconductivity and biodegradability[ 11 , 12 , 16 ]. The biodegradation of HA-CS nanocomposites appears to occur on the same time scale as the bone formation process[ 15 ].…”

“…HA-CS nanocomposites are excellent candidates for bone regeneration due to their biocompatibility and osteoconductivity[ 11 , 12 ]. These nanocomposites promote bone regeneration by supporting the adhesion, proliferation and activation of the integrin-BMP/Smad signaling pathway of BMSCs[ 13 ].…”

Chitosan/hydroxyapatite composite bone tissue engineering scaffolds with dual and decoupled therapeutic ion delivery: copper and strontium

“…11 For this reason, a composite approach aiming at the combination of HA powders with natural polymers was often preferred, proving to be a great candidate method for the development of scaffolds. 9,12,13 Composite scaffolds based on HA powder dispersed in collagen, silk fibroin, gelatin and chitosan have been all extensively studied. 14 Chitosan/HA scaffolds, in particular, are expected to present competitive biocompatibility, osteoconductivity and biodegradation together with sufficient mechanical strength for orthopedic use.…”

Produção, caracterização e avaliação in vitro de partículas de quitosana e hidroxiapatita para substituição óssea

“…Não há um consenso na literatura sobre a massa molecular ideal para o uso da CHI como biomaterial; alguns estudos referem que a baixa massa faz com que a CHI ao ser hidrolisada libere unidades necessárias à biossíntese do ácido hialurônico e outros componentes da matriz extracelular, o que induz a uma tolerância tecidual e favorece o reparo [35]; outros sugerem que uma massa molecular maior contribui para ação anti-inflamatória, antitumoral e atividade imunomoduladora [36]. Estes resultados foram similares a outro estudo que ao avaliar scaffolds de HA/CHI detectaram que os arcabouços induziram a um decréscimo na morte celular quando comparados ao grupo controle, afirmando desta forma que foi possível combinar propriedades osteocondutora da HA com possíveis propriedades anti-inflamatórias da CHI [37].…”