Chitosan-Grafted Carbon for the Sequestration of Heavy Metals in Aqueous Solution

Okoya, Aderonke A.; Akinyele, A. B.; Amuda, Omotayo S.; Ofoezie, Ifeanyi Emmanuel

doi:10.9734/acsj/2016/21813

Cited by 21 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Different agricultural wastes have been used as adsorbent in the removal of pollutants. e agricultural wastes used include straw [8], wheat straw [9], bagasse [10], banana skin [11], walnut shell [12], and coconut shell [13,14]. Among the many promising low-cost materials that are possible to produce a biosorbent is the Moringa oleifera (MO), and its seeds have been used as coagulant and adsorbent for contaminants in water treatment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of Moringa oleifera Seed Husk as Adsorptive Agent for Trihalomethanes from a Water Treatment Plant in Southwestern, Nigeria

Okoya

Olaiya

Akinyele

et al. 2020

Journal of Chemistry

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Trihalomethanes (THMs) are formed when excess chlorine during chlorination of water reacts with organic material in water. They have mutagenic and carcinogenic properties. Moringa oleifera (MO) has found wide acceptance by many people in Nigeria who have used it for food for both humans and fauna, for health purposes, and as a coagulant for water treatment. However, the seed husks are currently discarded as waste and they have not been used as adsorbent to remove THMs from water. The physicochemical properties of both the treated and raw surface water were determined using standard methods, and the concentration of THMs was determined from the water treatment plant at different stages of treatment using gas chromatography with flame ionization detector (GC-FID). Recovery experiments were carried out to validate the procedure. The efficiencies of activated carbon of Moringa oleifera seed husk (MOSH) adsorbent for the removal of THMs in the water and as a coagulant for water treatment were also assessed. Batch adsorption experiments were carried out, and different parameters such as pH (5, 7, and 9), adsorbent dosage (0.2, 0.4, and 0.8 g), contact time (30, 60, and 90 minutes), and initial concentration (0.2, 0.4, and 0.6 mg/l) were optimized for the removal of trichloromethane and tribromomethane using the MOSH activated carbon. Experimental adsorption data from different initial concentrations of trichloromethane and tribromomethane were used to test conformity with Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms. The percentage recovery from our procedures ranged from 96.0 ± 1.41 to 100.0 ± 0.00 for trichloromethane while for tribromomethane the range was 60 ± 2.82 to 100.0 ± 0.00. The mean percentage adsorption efficiencies for the simulation experiment ranged from 34.365 ± 1.41 to 93.135 ± 0.57 and from 41.870 ± 0.27 to 94.655 ± 0.41 for trichloromethane and tribromomethane, respectively. The optimum conditions for both trichloromethane and tribromomethane were pH 9, 0.8 g adsorbent dosage, 60-minute contact time, and 0.6 mg/l initial concentration. The optimum values of these parameters used for the adsorption of the two THMs in the surface water serving the treatment plant gave an efficiency of 100.00 ± 0.00%. The turbidity values for the coagulation experiment reduced from 9.76 ± 0.03 NTU in the raw water before coagulation to 5.92 ± 0.13 NTU after coagulation while all other physicochemical parameters of the surface water decreased in value except conductivity and total dissolved solid which increased from 104.5 ± 3.54 to 108.0 ± 2.83 μS/cm and 63.00 ± 11.31 to 83.0 ± 8.49 mg/l, respectively. The experimental data best fit into Langmuir than Freundlich adsorption isotherm. The study concluded that MOSH activated carbon could serve as an adsorbent for the removal of THMs, calcium, and sulphur from water samples.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of Moringa oleifera Seed Husk as Adsorptive Agent for Trihalomethanes from a Water Treatment Plant in Southwestern, Nigeria

Okoya

Olaiya

Akinyele

et al. 2020

Journal of Chemistry

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“…The char of the raw material (coconut shell) was prepared using the methods of Susheela and Radha, 2015;Okoya et al, (2016). Pulverized coconut shell (100 g) was placed in a weighed crucible, and put into a furnace (EK 18/18 ESSEN (Germany)).…”

Section: Production Of Activated Carbonmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Then, the adsorbent was soaked in 2% NaHCO 3 (w/v) to remove the residual acid. There, sample was finally dried in an oven at 110 o C, cooled to room temperature and stored in a desiccator until use according to (Amuda & Ibrahim, 2006;Susheela & Radha, 2015;Okoya et al, 2016).…”

Section: Activation Of Charmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantification and Removal of Trichloromethane in Chlorinated Water Using Coconut Shell Activated Carbon

Okoya

Akinola

Adegbaju

et al. 2020

gjs

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Commercially, available activated carbon (CAC) and coconut shell activated carbon (CSAC) were used in the adsorption of Trichloromethane (TCM) from disinfected water using the optimum conditions (concentration, dosage, pH and time) obtained. Concentrations of TCM were determined using GC-MS. Physicochemical parameters of CSAC were investigated. The CSAC gave percentage carbon yield (86.72±1.41), surface area 1200 m2/g and CHNS/O Elemental Analyzer gave elemental Carbon of 60.08% as the highest of the elements in the char. A pore structure dispersed on the CSAC surface was observed. Best conditions for CSAC were: 1.4 × 104μg/l TCM, 5.0 pH, 0.8 g absorbent within 30 minutes. The data fitted Freundlich than Langmuir model (R2 of 0.9977 and 0.9232, respectively). Percentage removal of TCM for CAC and CSAC was 98.3±1.55 and 96.7±1.27, respectively for the water sample. Results indicated that CSAC was efficient for removal of TCM present in water and could be used as alternative for CAC in water treatment.

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“…Therefore, in this work chitosan was used in the coating process in which both activated carbon fiber (ACF) and date pit activated carbon (DPAC) samples were coated with Chitosan [32]. The chitosan used in coating both materials contains amino (ÀNH2) and hydroxyl (ÀOH) groups on its chains [33]. These groups accomplished the main benefit of using chitosan.…”

Section: Removing Epoxy From Carbon Fibermentioning

confidence: 99%

Activating Carbon Fibers and Date Pits for Use in Liver Toxin Adsorption

Seyedzadeh¹,

Mwafy²,

Ahmed³

et al. 2017

Poisoning - From Specific Toxic Agents to Novel Rapid and Simplified Techniques for Analysis

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Acute liver failure (ALF) is a rare, potentially fatal complication of severe hepatic illness. It is a syndrome that triggers a cascade of events, leading to multiple organ failures and often death. The work aimed at demonstrating the usefulness of activated raw date pits and carbon fiber reinforced polymers (CFRP) in the management of ALF. The activated carbons produced are used for adsorption of albumin bound toxins from the liver of patients with ALF. The liver is not cured, however, patients are given the time they need to find a suitable donor. Initially, date pits are milled and epoxy is removed from the CFRP. Both materials then undergo pyrolysis and activation treatments. The activated carbon fiber (ACF) and powdered activated carbon (PAC) resulting are tested using FTIR and TGA analysis. FTIR spectrums provide information about functional groups present in the samples and TGA graphs illustrate weight loss as treatment temperature increases. From the data analysis carried out, it appears that the process of recycling both; date pits and CFRP was successful. This confirms the ability of PAC and ACFs to adsorb toxins and as potential candidates for consideration in the search for effective treatment options for liver failure.

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Chitosan-Grafted Carbon for the Sequestration of Heavy Metals in Aqueous Solution

Cited by 21 publications

References 46 publications

Efficacy of Moringa oleifera Seed Husk as Adsorptive Agent for Trihalomethanes from a Water Treatment Plant in Southwestern, Nigeria

Efficacy of Moringa oleifera Seed Husk as Adsorptive Agent for Trihalomethanes from a Water Treatment Plant in Southwestern, Nigeria

Quantification and Removal of Trichloromethane in Chlorinated Water Using Coconut Shell Activated Carbon

Activating Carbon Fibers and Date Pits for Use in Liver Toxin Adsorption

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