Chitosan from Crabs (Scylla serrata) Represses Hyperlipidemia-Induced Hepato-Renal Dysfunctions in Rats: Modulation of CD43 and p53 Expression

Abstract

Hepato-renal dysfunctions associated with hyperlipidemia necessitates a continuous search for natural remedies. This study thus evaluated the effect of dietary chitosan on diet-induced hyperlipidemia in rats. A total of 30 male Wistar rats (90 ± 10) g were randomly allotted into six (6) groups (n = 5): Normal diet, High-fat diet (HFD), and Normal diet + 5% chitosan. The three other groups received HFD, supplemented with 1%, 3%, and 5% of chitosan. The feeding lasted for 6 weeks, after which the rats were sacrificed. The liver and kidneys were harvested for analyses. He-patic alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and renal biomarkers (ALT, AST, urea, and creatinine) were assayed spectrophoto-metrically. Additionally, expression of hepatic and renal CD43 and p53 was estimated immuno-histochemically. The HFD group had elevated bodyweight compared to normal which was reversed in the chitosan-supplemented groups. Hyperlipidemia caused a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in the hepatic (AST, ALT, and ALP) and renal (AST and ALT) activities, while renal urea and creatinine increased. Furthermore, the HFD group showed an elevated level of hepatic and renal CD43 while p53 expression decreased. However, groups supplemented with chitosan showed improved hepatic and renal biomarkers, as well as corrected the aberrations in the expressions of p53 and CD43. Con-clusively, dietary chitosan inclusion in the diet (between 3% and 5%) could effectively improve kid-ney and liver functionality via abatement of inflammatory responses.

Effect of chitosan on cardio-metabolic risk factors induced by high fat diet in rats

“…This antioxidant effect of CT could have protected the membrane lipids, augmented the antioxidant species and reduced the leakage of cytosolic biomarkers. Similar findings have been reported in hyperlipidaemic (Ugbaja et al, 2021) and obese rats (Zalaqi et al, 2021).…”

“…The efficacy of CT to repress lipotoxic endpoint in liver and kidney tissues of HF-fed rats has been previously demonstrated (Ugbaja et al, 2020(Ugbaja et al, , 2021. In this study, we present…”

“…It is a polymer of β -(1–4)-D-glucosamine and has attracted much awareness as a biomedical material, demonstrating antitumor (Zou et al , 2019), antimicrobial (Jeon et al , 2001), haemostatic (Gu et al , 2010), anticoagulant (Wang et al , 2011), anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory (Chung et al , 2012) and antioxidant (Ugbaja et al , 2020) activities. Although research has been done on the lipid-lowering activity of CT (Chiu et al , 2020; Ugbaja et al , 2021), few have investigated these effects under cardio-lipotoxic conditions. Hence, we scrutinized the in vivo effects of CT on relevant markers of cardio-lipotoxicity in high-fat diet (HF)-fed male rats.…”

Impact of distinct levels swimming crab shell powder (Portunus pelagicus) supplementation on in vitro rumen fermentation properties processed with phosphoric acid as a chitosan source

“…The properties of chitin, chitosan, and their derivatives make them attractive for use in various applications, one of which is feed additive [6]. The use of crab shells in rat rations was able to reduce cholesterol levels and increase body weight of rats [6,7]. Feed intake, fermentation, digestion, and enteric methane generation have all been demonstrated to be affected by chitin-chitosan [8].…”

The Potential Protective Effect and Underlying Mechanisms of Physiological Unconjugated Hyperbilirubinemia Mediated by UGT1A1 Antisense Oligonucleotide Therapy in a Mouse Model of Cyclosporine A-Induced Chronic Kidney Disease

“…Subsequently, the current study aimed to investigate whether physiological unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia induced by UGT1A1 antisense morpholinos protects against the progression of CKD in a mice model of cyclosporine A-induced nephropathy. The reno-protective effects of endogenously elevated UCB were comparable with that of chitosan (CH), a natural chelator against renal toxicity [ 25 ], and a free radical scavenging pharmacologic material [ 26 ].…”