Chitosan Electrodeposition for Microrobotic Drug Delivery

Fusco, Stefano; Chatzipirpiridis, George; Sivaraman, Kartik M.; Ergeneman, Olgaç; Nelson, Bradley J.; Pané, Salvador

doi:10.1002/adhm.201200409

Cited by 100 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…In a sense, it is true that cathodic electrodeposition is well-behaved: the phenomena is simple to observe and has been reproduced in many labs around the world [8,81]. However, chitosan's electrodeposition can be considered to be a self-assembly process involving strong non-covalent interchain associations [82], and as a result, the structure and properties of the deposited films are highly sensitive to the deposition conditions.…”

Section: Structure and Properties Of Cathodically-deposited Chitosanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chitosan to Connect Biology to Electronics: Fabricating the Bio-Device Interface and Communicating Across This Interface

et al. 2014

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Individually, advances in microelectronics and biology transformed the way we live our lives. However, there remain few examples in which biology and electronics have been interfaced to create synergistic capabilities. We believe there are two major challenges to the integration of biological components into microelectronic systems: (i) assembly of the biological components at an electrode address, and (ii) communication between the assembled biological components and the underlying electrode. Chitosan OPEN ACCESSPolymers 2015, 7 2 possesses a unique combination of properties to meet these challenges and serve as an effective bio-device interface material. For assembly, chitosan's pH-responsive film-forming properties allow it to "recognize" electrode-imposed signals and respond by self-assembling as a stable hydrogel film through a cathodic electrodeposition mechanism. A separate anodic electrodeposition mechanism was recently reported and this also allows chitosan hydrogel films to be assembled at an electrode address. Protein-based biofunctionality can be conferred to electrodeposited films through a variety of physical, chemical and biological methods. For communication, we are investigating redox-active catechol-modified chitosan films as an interface to bridge redox-based communication between biology and an electrode. Despite significant progress over the last decade, many questions still remain which warrants even deeper study of chitosan's structure, properties, and functions.

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Section: Structure and Properties Of Cathodically-deposited Chitosanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chitosan to Connect Biology to Electronics: Fabricating the Bio-Device Interface and Communicating Across This Interface

et al. 2014

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“…Biomedical applications include drug delivery [1,2], tissue manipulation [3][4][5], and in vivo diagnos tics and sensing [6][7][8][9]. A number of types of microrobots em ploying different propulsion techniques have been developed, including chemically powered microrobots dependent on external fuels to create phoretic flows [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18], externally con trolled biotic systems [19], dielectrophoretically manipulated robots [20], and magnetically actuated robots, including those that require a nearby surface [21][22][23][24] and those that can swim in bulk fluids [25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetization directions and geometries of helical microswimmers for linear velocity-frequency response

Jabbarzadeh

Meshkati

2015

Phys. Rev. E

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Recently, there has been much progress in creating microswimmers or microrobots capable of controlled propulsion in fluidic environments. These microswimmers have numerous possible applications in biomedicine, microfabrication, and sensing. One type of effective microrobot consists of rigid magnetic helical microswimmers that are propelled when rotated at a range of frequencies by an external rotating magnetic field. Here we focus on investigating which magnetic dipoles and helical geometries optimally lead to linear velocity-frequency response, which may be desirable for the precise control and positioning of microswimmers. We identify a class of optimal magnetic field moments. We connect our results to the wobbling behavior previously observed and studied in helical microswimmers. In contrast to previous studies, we find that when the full helical geometry is taken into account, wobble-free motion is not possible for magnetic fields rotating in a plane. Our results compare well quantitatively to previously reported experiments, validating the theoretical analysis method. Finally, in the context of our optimal moments, we identify helical geometries for minimization of wobbling and maximization of swimming velocities.

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“…Motors powered by external magnetic fields, when actuated, can be employed both in vitro and in vivo (94). Nelson and colleagues (30,59,81) reported several examples of cell transportation and drug delivery by artificial flagella using this technique. Cell transportation was accomplished by fabricating cage-like micromotors and allowing cells to grow inside them (see Figure 5c).…”

Section: Magnetically Driven Motorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These motors were subsequently activated and propelled using an external rotating magnetic field (59). Drug delivery was accomplished using motor surfaces that were modified with drug-loaded chitosan or with liposomes (30,81); these motors then migrated toward targets and released drugs.…”

Section: Magnetically Driven Motorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anatomy of Nanoscale Propulsion

Yadav¹,

Duan²,

Butler

et al. 2015

Annu. Rev. Biophys.

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Nature supports multifaceted forms of life. Despite the variety and complexity of these forms, motility remains the epicenter of life. The applicable laws of physics change upon going from macroscales to microscales and nanoscales, which are characterized by low Reynolds number (Re). We discuss motion at low Re in natural and synthetic systems, along with various propulsion mechanisms, including electrophoresis, electrolyte diffusiophoresis, and nonelectrolyte diffusiophoresis. We also describe the newly uncovered phenomena of motility in non-ATP-driven self-powered enzymes and the directional movement of these enzymes in response to substrate gradients. These enzymes can also be immobilized to function as fluid pumps in response to the presence of their substrates. Finally, we review emergent collective behavior arising from interacting motile species, and we discuss the possible biomedical applications of the synthetic nanobots and microbots.

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Chitosan Electrodeposition for Microrobotic Drug Delivery

Cited by 100 publications

References 51 publications

Chitosan to Connect Biology to Electronics: Fabricating the Bio-Device Interface and Communicating Across This Interface

Chitosan to Connect Biology to Electronics: Fabricating the Bio-Device Interface and Communicating Across This Interface

Magnetization directions and geometries of helical microswimmers for linear velocity-frequency response

Anatomy of Nanoscale Propulsion

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