Chitosan-derived biochars obtained at low pyrolysis temperatures for potential application in electrochemical energy storage devices

Chitosan-Assisted Fabrication of a Network C@V2O5 Cathode for High-Performance Zn-Ion Batteries

“…Chitosan, as a linear polysaccharide, is traditionally a suitable scaffold functional material for tissue engineering due to its outstanding biocompatibility, biodegradability, antibacterial activity, nonantigenicity, and high adsorption properties. − In recent decades, some nanostructured transition-metal oxides such as ZnO nanoparticles, mesoporous TiO 2 fibers, CdS, CuO, ZrO 2 , and SiO 2 particles, etc. have also been synthesized from the chemical solution route in the presence of chitosan addition. ,− During the preparation, the strong chemical cross-linking and electrostatic absorption abilities of chitosan play important roles in the formation of materials with distinctive microstructures and applications.…”

Gelatin‐pyrolyzed mesoporous N‐doped carbon supported Pd as high‐performance catalysts for aqueous Heck reactions

“…Definitely, the N contents of all the prepared Pd@N-C catalysts in this work are much higher than that of recently developed nitrogencontaining carbon materials derived from CS. [20][21][22][23][24] Using one-pot carbonization method, the Pd loading contents of both Pd@N-C-no-OC (1/0) and Pd@N-C-P123-OC (1/1) are observed as 4.2%. And lower Pd loading content is observed in the case of Pd@N-C-SiO 2 -OC (1/1) (3.5%), which should be due to some Pd loss in the HF etching step.…”

“…[16][17][18][19] A convenient way to prepare porous N-doped carbon is in situ doping by directly carbonization of N-rich biopolymers, such as chitosan (CS). [20][21][22] To date, two strategies of Pd immobilization are utilized to prepare porous N-doped carbon supported (Pd@N-C) catalytic composites: (1) one-pot carbonization of Pd@CS hydrogels to form Pd@N-C catalysts;…”

“…[ 16–19 ] A convenient way to prepare porous N‐doped carbon is in situ doping by directly carbonization of N‐rich biopolymers, such as chitosan (CS). [ 20–22 ] To date, two strategies of Pd immobilization are utilized to prepare porous N‐doped carbon supported (Pd@N‐C) catalytic composites: (1) one‐pot carbonization of Pd@CS hydrogels to form Pd@N‐C catalysts; (2) carbonization of CS to form porous N‐doped carbon firstly, and then stepped by complexion with Pd species by Pd salts solution impregnation process to obtain Pd@N‐C catalysts. For example, using the former one‐pot carbonization method, our group recently [ 23 ] prepared Pd@N‐C catalyst (BET surface area of 293.7 m 2 /g) from Pd@CS and showed excellent catalytic performances in Ullman reactions.…”

Three-Dimensional Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Nanoskeleton Cladded with a Graphitic C3N5 Nanolayer as a Sulfur Host for Lithium–Sulfur Batteries

“…Accordingly, different types of sulfur host materials, including carbon-based nanomaterials and metal-based nanocompounds, have been explored to meet these requirements. ,− Because of their smart conductivity, flexible structural tailorability with large specific surface area and curtailed cost, carbon-based nanomaterials have been widely investigated as sulfur hosts for LSBs. , However, pristine carbon-based nanomaterials with nonpolar carbon–carbon bonds show faint affinity to LiPS intermediates and hence weak suppression of the shuttle effect. The electrochemical performance of carbon-based nanomaterials can be greatly improved by adopting appropriate raw materials/precursors and synthesis tactics to construct various nanoarchitectures, incorporating heteroatom dopants and/or intrinsic defects, and integrating them with other active compounds. ,− Benefiting from the unique elemental composition and structural properties as well as wide availability, diverse biomass materials, including plants, animals, food, and microorganisms, have been proven as excellent precursors for preparing diverse nitrogen (N)-, sulfur (S)-, and/or phosphorus (P)-doped porous carbon nanostructures. , Chitosan, a natural amino polysaccharide, has been singled out as a promising precursor of self-N-doped porous carbon nanomaterials for various electrochemical applications. − For instance, Jiang’s group prepared an N-doped porous carbon framework by the carbonization of chitosan, which showed efficacious LiPS inhibition and conversion ability for LSBs . The more electronegative nitrogen self-dopants in the carbon matrix, typically in the form of pyridinic nitrogen, can attract electrons from adjacent carbon atoms and result in the formation of positively charged centers, thus availing LiPS chemisorption and redox conversion. , However, limited nitrogen content in the chitosan precursor results in a finite density of active sites for the SRR process, and more protocols are sought to further boost the electrochemical performance of chitosan-derived sulfur host materials.…”