Chitosan cryogel with embedded gold nanoparticles decorated multiwalled carbon nanotubes modified electrode for highly sensitive flow based non-enzymatic glucose sensor

This work reports the development of the first integrated electrochemical immunosensor for the determination of the ligand receptor activator nuclear factor‐κB (RANKL), a biomarker that plays an important role in the regulation of bone resorption process and, as reported recently, in oncology by modulating the immune system response facilitating the tumor growth and metastatic process during cancer development. The developed platform involves a sandwich‐type immunoassay with covalent immobilization of biotinylated capture antibodies onto streptavidin/4‐aminobenzoic acid (p‐ABA) grafted screen‐printed carbon electrodes (bCAb‐Strep/p‐ABA‐SPCE) and the use of an hybrid nanomaterial composed of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as nanocarrier of multiple detector antibody and HRP molecules. Amperometric detection with the H2O2/hydroquinone (HQ) system allowed the construction of a linear calibration plot for RANKL standards between 10.4 and 1,000 pg mL−1 with a LOD of 3.1 pg mL−1. The determination implied simple handling protocols and short assay times. The developed immunosensor was applied to the determination of RANKL in human serum of patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer (CRC) or rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Each determination required only 5 μL of undiluted serum and took less than 2 h counting since the preparation of blocked‐bCAb‐Strep/p‐ABA‐SPCE.

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“…AuNPs/MWCNTs were prepared according to the protocol reported by Kangkamano et al . with some modifications.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…AuNPs/MWCNTs were prepared according to the protocol reported by Kangkamano et al [52] with some modifications. Briefly, 1.5 mg of carboxylated MWCNTs were added to 2.0 mL of 1.0 % w/v sodium citrate solution (SC) and ultra-sonicated for 5 min until complete dispersion.…”

Section: Synthesis Of Aunps/mwcntsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon/Inorganic Hybrid Nanoarchitectures as Carriers for Signaling Elements in Electrochemical Immunosensors: First Biosensor for the Determination of the Inflammatory and Metastatic Processes Biomarker RANK‐ligand

et al. 2020

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“…The conductivity values of all PEI-based PIL and composite cryogels provide some appealing properties as they can be used to determine and/or sense various molecules because of not just functional groups of PEI but also the existence of diverse IL forming anions as well as the existence of conductive PANi within the pores of cryogels. There are few reports on the use of cryogels and cryogel/conductive polymer composites as a sensor to various gases or molecules [12,17,18].…”

Section: J Compos Sci 2020 4 X For Peer Review 5 Of 14mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Use of Conductive Polymers Embedded Macro Porous Pei and Ionic Liquid Form of Pei Cryogels for Potential Conductometric Sensor Application to CO2

Demirci

Şahiner

2020

J. Compos. Sci.

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Polyethyleneimine (PEI) cryogels with interconnected superporous morphology were synthesized via the cryopolymerization technique. Then, conductive polymers, poly(Aniline) (PANi), poly(Pyrrole) (PPy), and poly(Thiophene) (PTh) were prepared within these PEI cryogels. Then, the conductive polymer embedding PEI composites’ characterization was carried morphologically using scanning electron microscope (SEM) by means of Fourier Transform Infrared Radiation (FT-IR) spectrometer, and by means of electrical conductivity measurements using an electrometer. Among all the prepared cryogel conductive polymer composites, the highest value in terms of conductivity was determined for PEI/PANi cryogel composites with 4.80 × 10−3 S.cm−1. Afterward, to prepare polymeric ionic liquid (PIL) forms of PEI and PEI/PANi composites. To assess the effect of anions on the conductivities of the prepared composites, PEI-based cryogels were anion ex-changed after protonation with HCl by treatment of aqueous solutions of sodium dicyanamide (Na+[N(CN)2]−), ammonium hexafluorophosphate (NH4+[PF6]−), sodium tetrafluoroborate (Na+[BF4]−), and potassium thiocyanate (K+[SCN]−), separately. Furthermore, PEI-based cryogel composites and their PIL forms were tested as a sensor for CO2 gas. The higher conductivity changes were observed on bare PEI cryogel and PEI+[BF4]− PIL cryogels with 1000-fold decrease on conductivity upon 240 min CO2 exposure. The sensitivity and recovery percent of bare PEI and PEI+[BF4]− PIL cryogels were shown almost the same with a two-fold decrease in the presence of 0.009 mole of CO2 gas, and approximately 30% recovery after the fifth consecutive reuse.

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“…The formation of AuOH ads on Au occurs readily in alkaline medium rather than neutral or acidic medium. 24,25 Thus we prefer to study the performance of our sensor in strong alkaline medium.…”

Section: 2 Optimum Naoh Concentrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amperometric Enzyme-Free Glucose Sensor Based on Electrodeposition of Au Particles on Polyaniline Film Modified Pt Electrode

Malhotra

Tang

Varshney

2018

ACSi

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An amperometric non-enzymatic glucose sensor of high sensitivity was developed by modification of Pt electrode with electrodeposition of Au particles on polyaniline film. The Au particles were deposited under optimum growth conditions for maximum dispersion on polymer film to achieve highly sensitive glucose sensor. The characterization of the electrode and the analytical parameters were evaluated using chronoamperometry and cyclic voltammetry techniques. The sensor showed wide linear range from 0.01-8 mM along with swift response time of less than 5 s. Moreover, a high sensitivity of 113.6 µA mM-1 cm-2 is obtained along with low detection limits of 0.5 µM. The sensor also showed high stability, reproducibility, and repeatability. Furthermore, the sensor has shown high selectivity towards glucose exclusively in the presence of interferents such as sucrose, uric acid, and ascorbic acid. The practical applicability of the proposed sensor was confirmed from successful analysis of glucose in different juice samples and these results were comparable to the commercial glucose meter. Thus, our sensor stands promising non-enzymatic sensor for routine analysis of glucose.

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Chitosan cryogel with embedded gold nanoparticles decorated multiwalled carbon nanotubes modified electrode for highly sensitive flow based non-enzymatic glucose sensor

Cited by 104 publications

References 53 publications

Carbon/Inorganic Hybrid Nanoarchitectures as Carriers for Signaling Elements in Electrochemical Immunosensors: First Biosensor for the Determination of the Inflammatory and Metastatic Processes Biomarker RANK‐ligand

Carbon/Inorganic Hybrid Nanoarchitectures as Carriers for Signaling Elements in Electrochemical Immunosensors: First Biosensor for the Determination of the Inflammatory and Metastatic Processes Biomarker RANK‐ligand

The Use of Conductive Polymers Embedded Macro Porous Pei and Ionic Liquid Form of Pei Cryogels for Potential Conductometric Sensor Application to CO2

Amperometric Enzyme-Free Glucose Sensor Based on Electrodeposition of Au Particles on Polyaniline Film Modified Pt Electrode

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