Chitosan-coated poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid nanoparticles as an efficient delivery system for Newcastle disease virus DNA vaccine

Abstract

We determined the efficacy and safety of chitosan (CS)-coated poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) as a delivery system for a vaccine to protect chickens against Newcastle disease virus (NDV). The newly constructed vaccine contained DNA (the F gene) of NDV. The Newcastle disease virus (NDV) F gene deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) plasmid (pFDNA)-CS/PLGA-NPs were spherical (diameter =699.1±5.21 nm [mean ± standard deviation]) and smooth, with an encapsulation efficiency of 98.1% and a Zeta potential of +6.35 mV. An in vitro release assay indicated that CS controlled the burst release of plasmid DNA, such that up to 67.4% of the entire quantity of plasmid DNA was steadily released from the pFDNA-CS/PLGA-NPs. An in vitro expression assay indicated that the expression of nanoparticles (NPs) was maintained in the NPs. In an immunization test with specific pathogen-free chickens, the pFDNA-CS/PLGA-NPs induced stronger cellular, humoral, and mucosal immune responses than the plasmid DNA vaccine alone. The pFDNA-CS/PLGA-NPs did not harm 293T cells in an in vitro assay and did not harm chickens in an in vivo assay. Overall, the results indicated that CS-coated PLGA NPs can serve as an efficient and safe mucosal immune delivery system for NDV DNA vaccine.

Quaternized chitosan nanoparticles loaded with the combined attenuated live vaccine against Newcastle disease and infectious bronchitis elicit immune response in chicken after intranasal administration

“…Therefore, it may be a suitable polymer to be used as a delivery vehicle for mucosal vaccines (Van der Lubben et al, 2003). Several studies have been conducted on the application of chitosan in mucosal delivery of vaccines, including those by our group (Zhao et al, 2012(Zhao et al, , 2014 and other groups (Barhate et al, 2014;Khameneh et al, 2014;Arthanari et al, 2016). However, the solubility of natural polymer chitosan at the physiological pH is low (Wu et al, 2016).…”

“…In vitro release of the N-2-HACC-CMC/NDV NPs, N-2-HACC-CMC/IBV NPs The assays of the release of NDV and IBV from the nanoparticles were carried out by the Bicinchoninic Acid Protein Assay Kit as previously described (Zhao et al, 2014). Briefly, 0.1 g of freezing-dried N-2-HACC-CMC/NDV NPs or N-2-HACC-CMC/IBV NPs were added to 2 mL of PBS buffer (pH 7.4), then put into the constant temperature shaking table and fully stirred at 1000 rpm, 37 C. Sample solution (1 mL) was withdrawn at predetermined time intervals (0, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, 84, 96, 108, 120, 132, 144, 156 and 168 h) and centrifuged at 13,000 rpm and 4 C for 30 min.…”

Chitosan Derivatives and Their Application in Biomedicine

“…Reshma et al prepared a peptide vaccine by binding TMC to a peptide antigen and polyglutamic acid (PGA), and the vaccine induced higher levels of mucosal antibodies compared with the mucosal adjuvant cholera toxin B subunit [208]. N-2-HACC and CMCS were synthesized as vaccine adjuvants and delivery systems in our group, where an animal experiment showed that the intranasal N-2-HACC/CMCS nanoparticles produced higher IgG (immunoglobulin G) and sIgA (secretory immunoglobulin A) antibody titers and higher levels of cytokines than the commercially available vaccine did [209]. Additionally, our team also synthesized chitosan-coated PLGA(poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles, and NDV (Newcastle disease virus) energy-containing DNA that was encapsulated in the nanoparticles was prepared to evaluate the mucosal immune response; the results indicated that the nanoparticles induced stronger cellular, humoral, and mucosal immune responses than the plasmid DNA alone, showing that the chitosan-coated PLGA nanoparticles could be used as an efficient delivery system for mucosal immunization in the case of DNA vaccines [210].…”

Folate Functionalized PLGA Nanoparticles Loaded with Plasmid pVAX1-NH36: Mathematical Analysis of Release

“…In general, the process of pDNA encapsulation into polymeric NPs involves several steps and preparation parameters that should be modulated according to desired NPs characteristics. Experimental pDNA release from biodegradable matrices have been reported for different plasmids [34][35][36] and, to the best of our knowledge, only few efforts to mathematically describe the pDNA release kinetics have been reported, where the entire plasmid release process has been attributed to the diffusion mechanism [37]. Contrary to pDNA release kinetics, mathematical analysis of drug release from biodegradable matrices has been extensively reported in literature by considering one or more mechanisms of release [38,39].…”