Chitosan-catalyzed biodiesel synthesis: Proof-of-concept and limitations

Kayser, Henning; Pienkoß, Fabian; Marı́a, Pablo Domı́nguez de

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2013.08.013

Cited by 39 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Those authors used two different analytical techniques (SEM and XRD); however, they did not correlate the catalytic characteristics with the biodiesel production, in order to determine if CaCO 3 was converted to Ca(OH) 2 and CaO. Kayser et al . described the synthesis of a chitosan–cryogel catalyst for biodiesel production, using triolein and soybean oil with methanol for transesterification reactions, obtaining biodiesel yields of up to 90% in 8–32 h at 100–150 °C.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calcium/chitosan spheres as catalyst for biodiesel production

et al. 2014

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calcium/chitosan spheres as catalyst for biodiesel production

et al. 2014

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“…Previously, chitosan was involved in these reactions as a support (to disperse calcium oxide or metallic copper and cobalt catalysts), [160,161] but recently chitosan was reported as an active organocatalyst for the esterification of fats and biodiesel production. [162] Specifically, the catalytic behavior of chitosan cryogels was investigated for the transesterification of triolein and soybean oil with methanol in a microwave reactor (300 W; Scheme 39). A catalyst loading of 0.5 wt %, which is one order of magnitude lower that that used in many heterogeneous systems, affords 90 % yield for methyl oleate after 9 to 12 h, whereas soybean oil necessitates a prolonged reaction time (from 24 to 32 h) to achieve a satisfactory yield.…”

Section: Transesterification Of Fatty Acids For Biodiesel Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chitosan as a Sustainable Organocatalyst: A Concise Overview

Kadib

2014

ChemSusChem

207

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Increased demand for more sustainable materials and chemical processes has tremendously advanced the use of polysaccharides, which are natural biopolymers, in domains such as adsorption, catalysis, and as an alternative chemical feedstock. Among these biopolymers, the use of chitosan, which is obtained by deacetylation of natural chitin, is on the increase due to the presence of amino groups on the polymer backbone that makes it a natural cationic polymer. The ability of chitosan-based materials to form open-network, macroporous, high-surface-area hydrogels with accessible basic surface sites has enabled their use not only as macrochelating ligands for active metal catalysts and as a support to disperse nanosized particles, but also as a direct organocatalyst. This review provides a concise overview of the use of native and modified chitosan, possessing different textural properties and chemical properties, as organocatalysts. Organocatalysis with chitosan is primarily focused on carbon-carbon bond-forming reactions, multicomponent heterocycle formation reactions, biodiesel production, and carbon dioxide fixation through [3+2] cycloaddition. Furthermore, the chiral, helical organization of the chitosan skeleton lends itself to use in enantioselective catalysis. Chitosan derivatives generally display reactivity similar to homogeneous bases, ionic liquids, and organic and inorganic salts. However, the introduction of cooperative acid-base interactions at active sites substantially enhances reactivity. These functional biopolymers can also be easily recovered and reused several times under solvent-free conditions. These accomplishments highlight the important role that natural biopolymers play in furthering more sustainable chemistry.

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“…Além dessas características a quitosana ainda apresenta excelentes propriedades como: não toxicidade, biocompatibilidade, biodegradação, reatividade e capacidade de adsorção. Estudos envolvendo a modificação estrutural da quitosana e seus derivados têm sido amplamente realizados com o intuito de empregar esses materiais em uma gama de aplicações [10][11][12][13], com destaque na área de catálise [8,[14][15][16].…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

“…Dentro destas premissas, a literatura mostra que diversos autores avaliaram a quitosana como catalisador ou como suporte para a produção de biodiesel, seja na transesterificação [8,[14][15][16][22][23][24] ou esterificação [25][26][27][28][29][30] apresentando conversões e estabilidades satisfatórias. Caetano et al [26] avaliarama a quitosana modificada com ácido sulfossuccínico (acidez de Bronsted de 2,04 mmolH + g -1 ) na esterificação do ácido palmítico com metanol a 60ºC por 6h e encontrou a convesão de 89%.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Catalisadores ácidos baseados na simples modificação da quitosana para a esterificação do ácido oleico

et al. 2018

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RESUMO A quitosana é um polímero linear com excelentes propriedades físico-químicas e tem sido amplamente utilizada em uma variedade de aplicações, incluindo como catalisador em vários tipos de reações. Neste trabalho, a quitosana comercial foi modificada, de modo a obter um material ativo e estável para ser utilizado como catalisador em reações de esterificação. Para este fim, a quitosana foi submetida à hidrólise ácida usando soluções de HCl ou H2SO4. A quitosana ácida foi então, caracterizada e avaliada na reação de esterificação do ácido oleico com metanol. Embora, a modificação da quitosana com soluções diluídas de ácidos inorgânicos seja um método simples para a preparação de catalisador heterogêneo ácido, há evidências que os materiais, apesar de apresentarem bons resultados de conversão do ácido oleico, não são estáveis frente à lixiviação das espécies ativa para o meio reacional nas condições avaliadas.

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Chitosan-catalyzed biodiesel synthesis: Proof-of-concept and limitations

Cited by 39 publications

References 22 publications

Calcium/chitosan spheres as catalyst for biodiesel production

Calcium/chitosan spheres as catalyst for biodiesel production

Chitosan as a Sustainable Organocatalyst: A Concise Overview

Catalisadores ácidos baseados na simples modificação da quitosana para a esterificação do ácido oleico

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