Chitosan antitranspirant activity is due to abscisic acid-dependent stomatal closure

Iriti, Marcello; Picchi, Valentina; Rossoni, Mara; Gomarasca, Stefano; Ludwig, Nicola; Gargano, Marco; Faoro, Franco

doi:10.1016/j.envexpbot.2009.01.004

Cited by 144 publications

(115 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Previous works reported actions of chitosan as fertilizer, taking into account the amino groups of the polymer or antitranspirant effect through promoting stomata closure and activation of other physiological processes (Chibu et al, 2002;Ohta et al, 2004;Iriti et al, 2009). However, in the above cases, the dose used is much higher than that used in the present work and could justify such actions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

Chitosans of different molecular weight enhance potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) yield in a field trial

Falcón-Rodríguez

Costales

González-Peña

et al. 2017

Span. j. agric. res.

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Physico-chemical features of chitosan affect its biological activity on plants. In this work, the influence of chitosan molecular mass in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) yields was investigated. By using chitosan polymers of high (CH-1) and low (CH-2) molecular weight and a hydrolysed chitosan derivative (CHH), two experiments were performed under field conditions to determine the effect of these polymers on yields of two potato varieties, 'Call White' and 'Santana'. For this purpose, the foliar spray of low doses of the derivatives at three cultivation moments was performed and several yield variables were determined at crop harvest. All three chitosan compounds increased the performance variables determined respect to the control, depending on the variable, the dose employed and the mass of the derivative evaluated. In most variables determined, the two lowest doses (200 and 325 mg/ha) provoked the highest increments above control. Chitosans also affected distribution of mass per tuber size, particularly; in 'Santana' variety the two lowest doses enhanced the commercial tuber sizes. Among the polymers, CH-1 caused the greatest increases in performance, while, compared to the polymer, CHH provoked higher yields. In conclusion, foliar application at low doses of high molecular weight and hydrolysed chitosan enhanced potato yield between 15-30%.Additional key words: polymer; oligo-chitosan; plant production; tubers.Correspondence should be addressed to Alejandro B. Falcón-Rodríguez: alfalcon@inca.edu.cu; alfalcon04@yahoo.com

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

Chitosans of different molecular weight enhance potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) yield in a field trial

Falcón-Rodríguez

Costales

González-Peña

et al. 2017

Span. j. agric. res.

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“…ABA, a phytohormone accumulated rapidly in the leaf during drought stress, typically causes a decrease in stomatal aperture and transpiration rate (Iriti et al, 2009). At 40 • C, a temperature often achieved by sun-exposed leaves in the field (Feller, 2006) Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…biomass production, yield or survival), initial responses to stress (e.g. changes in carboxylation efficiency, stomatal limitations, accumulation of protective solutes) occur at the leaf level (Haldimann and Feller, 2004;Flexas et al, 2004;Iriti et al, 2009). At the interface between atmosphere and plant, leaf stomata provide the entryway for CO 2 for photosynthetic carbon fixation, while preventing excessive water loss.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions between temperature, drought and stomatal opening in legumes

Reynolds‐Henne

Langenegger

Mani

et al. 2010

Environmental and Experimental Botany

107

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a b s t r a c tThe effect of heat and drought on stomatal behaviour of 2-4-week-old legumes, bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and red clover (Trifolium pratense), was investigated. Drought stress was induced by complete water deficit or with polyethylene glycol (PEG), and abscisic acid (ABA) was applied to mimic plant drought response. Heat stress was simulated by water bath (leaf segments) and infrared and halogen lighting (whole plants). Various experimental conditions were studied: high temperature alone or combined with drought, and low or high photosynthetically active radiation (PAR). Stomatal opening was either measured directly or determined using thermal imaging as a proxy. When water was not limiting, stomata opened in darkness under heat stress. At high PAR, drought and moderate heat caused increased leaf temperatures and temperature oscillations (±3-4• C), attributed to the opening and closing of stomata. At low PAR, heat led to leaf temperature oscillations in control plants, whereas the application of drought caused stomatal closure, increasing leaf temperature to 39• C. Stomatal opening occurred under high temperatures, despite the presence of the drought-induced hormone ABA, and was maintained into a recovery period at room temperature for 30 min. This study helps to illustrate stomatal plasticity and the interplay between leaf gas-exchange and maintaining favourable metabolic conditions (water status and temperature) within the leaf. Knowledge of how legumes are affected by two environmental stresses, heat and drought, expected to occur simultaneously with greater frequency in the future, is important in determining overall plant survival strategies.

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“…When chitosan is sprayed in leaves, abscisic acid (ABA) content increases [217]. It promotes the activation of defense mechanisms which allow plants to deal with stress and to defend against diseases due to the antiviral, antifungal and antibacterial nature of chitosan [218,219].…”

Section: Leaf Coatingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is Chitosan a New Panacea? Areas of Application

Castro¹,

Paulín²

2012

The Complex World of Polysaccharides

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Chitin is a big molecule composed of -beta-1,4-N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) monomers. There are three forms of chitin: , , and chitin. The -form, is mainly obtained from crab and shrimp. Both and chitin/chitosan are commercially available [5]. Sources of chitinIn the book "Chitin" published by Muzarelli in 1977, we can find a complete list of organisms that contain chitin: Fungi, Algae, Cnidaria (jellyfish), Aschelminthes (round worm), Entoprocta, Bryozoa (Moss or lace animals, Phoronida (Horseshoe worms), Brachiopoda(Lamp shells), Echiruda, Annelida (Segmented worms), Mollusca, Arthropoda and Ponogophora [6]). Herring, P.J in 1979 wrote that chitin is the main component of arthropod exoskeletons, tendons, and the linings of their respiratory, excretory, and digestive systems, as well as insects external structure and some fungi. It is also found in the reflective material (iridophores) of both epidermis and eyes of arthropods and cephalopods (phylum: Mollusca) and the epidermal cuticle of the vertebrate Paralipophrys trigloides (fish) is also chitinous [7,8]. The main commercial sources of chitin are the shell wastes of shrimp, lobsters, crabs and krill. There are three forms of chitin: , , and chitin. The -form, is composed of alternating antiparallel polysaccharide strands and is mainly obtained from crab and shrimp. -Chitin is by far the most abundant; it occurs in fungal and yeast cell walls, krill, lobster and crab tendons and shells, shrimp shells, and insect cuticle. The rarer -chitin is composed of parallel strands of polysaccharides, is found in association with proteins in squid pens [9,10] and in the tubes synthesized by pogonophoran and vestimetiferan worms [11,12]. It also occurs in aphrodite chaetae [13] as well as in the lorica, built by some seaweeds or protozoa [14,15,16]. And 2 parallel chains alternating with an antiparallel strand constitute gamma chitin and are found in fungi [15].

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Chitosan antitranspirant activity is due to abscisic acid-dependent stomatal closure

Cited by 144 publications

References 36 publications

Chitosans of different molecular weight enhance potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) yield in a field trial

Chitosans of different molecular weight enhance potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) yield in a field trial

Interactions between temperature, drought and stomatal opening in legumes

Is Chitosan a New Panacea? Areas of Application

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