Chitosan and its derivatives: synthesis, biotechnological applications, and future challenges

Cationic chitosan derivatives as potential antifungals: A review of structural optimization and applications

“…Unlike traditional small molecular weight therapeutics which have a well-defined chemical structure, chitosan derivatives exhibit some heterogeneity as with other polymers. Chitosan derivatives vary with respect to their molecular weights, degrees of substitution, substitution sites, and resulting structural complexity, making the controllable, reproducible, and scalable preparation of chitosan derivatives challenging (Alves & Mano, 2008;Hosseinnejad & Jafari, 2016;Khan et al, 2017;Riaz Rajoka, Zhao, Mehwish, Wu, & Mahmood, 2019;Sahariah & Másson, 2017;Verlee et al, 2017;Zargar et al, 2015). From the perspective of practical application in the future, the synthesis of derivatives should be environmentally friendly, cost-effective, and easy to manufacture at an industrial scale.…”

Reduction in Spoilage Microbiota and Cyclopiazonic Acid Mycotoxin with Chestnut Extract Enriched Chitosan Packaging: Stability of Inoculated Gouda Cheese

“…In the end, the DNA of bacteria will be damaged and depleted [19]. The biopolymer deacetylation (DA) level, molecular weight, and pH are essential factors to the antimicrobial activity [20,21]. In fact, values of DA and molecular weight (M w ) are in correlation.…”

Development of Fe3O4 integrated polymer/phosphate glass composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering

“…Thus, biopolymer/calcium phosphate composite scaffolds have received much attention for bone tissue engineering scaffolds. 3,4 Chitosan, a biopolymer has been used widely in tissue engineering as a scaffold owing to its excellent biodegradability, biocompatibility and stimulation of wound healing ability 5 . However, hydrophobic nature of chitosan leads to poor cell attachment, which can be overcome by blending with another biopolymer gelatin possessing high hydrophilic nature.…”