Chitosan

Sánchez‐Machado, Dalia I.; López‐Cervantes, Jaime; Correa-Murrieta, Ma. A.; Sánchez-Duarte, Reyna G.; Flores, Paola Cruz; Mora-López, Gabriela Servín de la

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-812491-8.00064-3

Cited by 20 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…The viscosity of konjac glucomannans (KGM) with an average molecular weight of 700 kDa, measured at a shear rate of 100 s −1 , is 1000 mPa.s ( Table 1 ) [ 46 ], in a similar range to that of galactomannans and cereal β-glucans solutions, allowing to infer that these polysaccharides present a viscosity that can influence cholesterol bioaccessibility. Indeed, KGM has been shown to effectively reduce plasma cholesterol (11.1%) in hyperlipidemic type 2 diabetes patients when administered for 28 days (3.6 g/day) [ 47 ].…”

Section: Polysaccharides Viscosity and Its Influence On Cholesterol Bioaccessibilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Polysaccharide Structures and Their Hypocholesterolemic Potential

et al. 2021

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Several classes of polysaccharides have been described to have hypocholesterolemic potential, namely cholesterol bioaccessibility and bioavailability. This review will highlight the main mechanisms by which polysaccharides are known to affect cholesterol homeostasis at the intestine, namely the effect (i) of polysaccharide viscosity and its influence on cholesterol bioaccessibility; (ii) on bile salt sequestration and its dependence on the structural diversity of polysaccharides; (iii) of bio-transformations of polysaccharides and bile salts by the gut microbiota. Different quantitative structure–hypocholesterolemic activity relationships have been explored depending on the mechanism involved, and these were based on polysaccharide physicochemical properties, such as sugar composition and ramification degree, linkage type, size/molecular weight, and charge. The information gathered will support the rationalization of polysaccharides’ effect on cholesterol homeostasis and highlight predictive rules towards the development of customized hypocholesterolemic functional food.

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Section: Polysaccharides Viscosity and Its Influence On Cholesterol Bioaccessibilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Polysaccharide Structures and Their Hypocholesterolemic Potential

et al. 2021

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“…Chitosan (CHM) is an amino polysaccharide, produced from the deacetylation of chitin obtained from crustaceans and insects. 100 CHM weight ranges between 300 and over 1000 kDa. 128 It has diverse biological activities and therapeutic applications due to its properties, especially being biodegradable and nontoxic.…”

Section: Biomaterialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been established as a safe polymer for use in many experiments conducted on animals and limited clinical studies on humans. 100 It breaks down slowly by certain human enzymes, such as lysozyme, to amino sugars which are nontoxic, totally absorbed in the human body. 102 , 103 …”

Section: Biomaterialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of biomaterials in corneal endothelial repair

2021

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Human corneal endothelium (HCE) is a single layer of hexagonal cells that lines the posterior surface of the cornea. It forms the barrier that separates the aqueous humor from the rest of the corneal layers (stroma and epithelium layer). This layer plays a fundamental role in maintaining the hydration and transparency of the cornea, which in turn ensures a clear vision. In vivo, human corneal endothelial cells (HCECs) are generally believed to be nonproliferating. In many cases, due to their nonproliferative nature, any damage to these cells can lead to further issues with Descemet’s membrane (DM), stroma and epithelium which may ultimately lead to hazy vision and blindness. Endothelial keratoplasties such as Descemet’s stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK) and Descemet’s membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DEK) are the standard surgeries routinely used to restore vision following endothelial failure. Basically, these two similar surgical techniques involve the replacement of the diseased endothelial layer in the center of the cornea by a healthy layer taken from a donor cornea. Globally, eye banks are facing an increased demand to provide corneas that have suitable features for transplantation. Consequently, it can be stated that there is a significant shortage of corneal grafting tissue; for every 70 corneas required, only 1 is available. Nowadays, eye banks face long waiting lists due to shortage of donors, seriously aggravated when compared with previous years, due to the global COVID-19 pandemic. Thus, there is an urgent need to find alternative and more sustainable sources for treating endothelial diseases, such as utilizing bioengineering to use of biomaterials as a remedy. The current review focuses on the use of biomaterials to repair the corneal endothelium. A range of biomaterials have been considered based on their promising results and outstanding features, including previous studies and their key findings in the context of each biomaterial.

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“…Conversely, it is soluble in dilute acid solutions below pH 6.3. Chitosan and its derivatives have shown diverse biological activities, including antioxidant, antihypertensive, anti‐inflammatory, anticoagulant, antitumoral, antimicrobial, hypocholesterolemic, and antidiabetic effects (Sánchez‐Machado et al., 2019). Chitosan has been employed in carriers for the oral administration due to its resistance to acid pH values and the positive charge, which allows an electrostatic interaction with the negative charge of the sialic acid present in the intestinal mucus, thus resulting in improved bioavailability after oral administration (Pauluk, Padilha, Khalil, & Mainardes, 2019).…”

Section: Development Of Zein/polysaccharide Nanoparticlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a nanoparticle delivery system based on zein/polysaccharide complexes

2020

Journal of Food Science

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Zein, an alcohol-soluble protein in corn, can self-assemble into spherical nanoparticles, which makes it an ideal carrier material for the encapsulation of hydrophobic bioactive molecules. However, zein nanoparticles easily aggregate in water and are sensitive to enzymatic degradation in the digestive system. A strategy to overcome their limitations is the incorporation of polysaccharides as a second polymer layer that provides stability to zein nanoparticles. This review introduces the characteristics of zein as they relate to understanding the formation of zein/polysaccharide nanoparticles. Particular attention is paid to the preparation methods for the zein/polysaccharide nanoparticles, as well as to the morphological observation methods and detection mechanism. Moreover, the properties and applications of zein/polysaccharide nanoparticles are highlighted.

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Chitosan

Cited by 20 publications

References 65 publications

Polysaccharide Structures and Their Hypocholesterolemic Potential

Polysaccharide Structures and Their Hypocholesterolemic Potential

Use of biomaterials in corneal endothelial repair

Development of a nanoparticle delivery system based on zein/polysaccharide complexes

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