Chitinolytic enzymes: an exploration

Patil, Reetarani S.; Ghormade, Vandana; Deshpande, Mukund V.

doi:10.1016/s0141-0229(00)00134-4

Cited by 373 publications

(279 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…Leaves and fruits of chitinase sprayed strawberry showed no presence of any insects nor pathogenic fungi (Koga, 2005). Combination between chitinase and σ-toxin of B. thuringiensis were found more effective in killing pest insects (Patil et al, 2000). Spreading of chitin to a plant was also an alternative application to control pest insects, because it will induce chitinolytic bacteria to secrete chitinase (Metcalfe et al, 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chitinolytic Bacteria Isolated from Chili Rhizosphere: Chitinase Characterization and Its Application as Biocontrol for Whitefly (<i>Bemisia tabaci</i> Genn.)

Mubarik¹,

Mahagiani²,

Anindyaputri³

et al. 2010

American Journal of Agricultural and Biological Sciences

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Problem statement: Chitin, a common constituent of insect exoskeleton, could be hydrolyzed by chitinase. The research was conducted to screen chitinolytic rhizobacteria isolated from rhizosphere of chilli pepper and to determine their chitinase activity in degrading chitin of whitefly, Bemisia tabaci Genn. (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). Whitefly is recognized as an important pest on many crops including chilli pepper. Approach: Screening and molecular identification based on 16S rRNA sequence of chitinolytic isolates, chitinase productions, measurement of chitinase activity, characterization of chitinase and effect of the chitinase treatment on whitefly were studied. Results: A total of 25 isolates of rhizobacteria formed a clear zone on solid chitin media. Two isolates, i.e., I.5 and I.21 isolates had the highest chitinolytic index. Based on sequence of 16S rRNA gene, the isolates of I.5 and I.21 were identified as Bacillus sp. and Bacillus cereus, respectively. The highest chitinolytic index and specific activity of I.5 isolate was 0.94 and 0.11 U mg −1 proteins, respectively. Maximum production of I.5 chitinase was occured after 36 h cultivation at 30°C and pH 7.0. The highest chitinolytic index and specific activity of I.21isolate was 0.75 and 0.114 U mg −1 proteins, respectively. Maximum production of I.21 chitinase was occured after 36 h cultivation at 55°C and pH 7.0. Cell culture and crude enzyme of the isolates were tested on chitin of B. tabaci and the effect was observed using a microscope and sterile water was used as a negative control. Hydrolytic observation showed that crude enzyme of I.21 isolate could degrade chitin of B. tabaci exoskeleton and the activity was better than that of I.5 isolate. Conclusion: Chitinase produced by Bacillus cereus I.21 strain has potential application as biocontrol agents for B. tabaci.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chitinolytic Bacteria Isolated from Chili Rhizosphere: Chitinase Characterization and Its Application as Biocontrol for Whitefly (<i>Bemisia tabaci</i> Genn.)

Mubarik¹,

Mahagiani²,

Anindyaputri³

et al. 2010

American Journal of Agricultural and Biological Sciences

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“…Bacterial chitinases are believed to be important in the hydrolysis process of chitin for utilization as an energy and carbon sources, therefore, they have been implicated in protection against parasites in fungi, protozoa, invertebrates and especially in breakdown of chitin in the cell wall of fungal pathogens. 5,6 . One of such bacteria are Brevundimonus sp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications of Plackett–Burman and Central Composite Design for the Optimization of Novel Brevundimonas diminuta KT277492 Chitinase Production, Investigation of its Antifungal Activity

Warda

Aty

Hamed

et al. 2016

Braz. arch. biol. technol.

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“…Interactions of mycoparasitic fungi also involve the secretion of metabolites and enzymes, which participate in pH regulation, host cell wall hydrolysis, and adjustment of moisture content (2). Current knowledge also suggests that interactions are accompanied by an enhancement of nutrient acquisition through increased production of cellulases to access carbohydrates (22) and of acid phosphatases and chitinases to scavenge inorganic phosphate and chitin from captured opponent mycelium (23)(24)(25). To date, the integration and regulation of these different mechanisms are poorly understood, as only a few studies have focused on the global changes that occur during the interspecific interactions (26)(27)(28).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential Gene Expression in Pycnoporus coccineus during Interspecific Mycelial Interactions with Different Competitors

Arfi

Levasseur

Record

2013

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Fungi compete against each other for environmental resources. These interspecific combative interactions encompass a wide range of mechanisms. In this study, we highlight the ability of the white-rot fungus Pycnoporus coccineus to quickly overgrow or replace a wide range of competitor fungi, including the gray-mold fungus Botrytis cinerea and the brown-rot fungus Coniophora puteana. To gain a better understanding of the mechanisms deployed by P. coccineus to compete against other fungi and to assess whether common pathways are used to interact with different competitors, differential gene expression in P. coccineus during cocultivation was assessed by transcriptome sequencing and confirmed by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR analysis of a set of 15 representative genes. Compared with the pure culture, 1,343 transcripts were differentially expressed in the interaction with C. puteana and 4,253 were differentially expressed in the interaction with B. cinerea, but only 197 transcripts were overexpressed in both interactions. Overall, the results suggest that a broad array of functions is necessary for P. coccineus to replace its competitors and that different responses are elicited by the two competitors, although a portion of the mechanism is common to both. However, the functions elicited by the expression of specific transcripts appear to converge toward a limited set of roles, including detoxification of secondary metabolites. Interspecific interactions are key elements in the ecology of fungi, which live in complex communities and often have to compete against each other for a territory and the resources it contains (1, 2). Competitive mycelial interactions usually result in replacement (one of the competitors overruns the other) or deadlock (neither fungus gains any territory). The outcome of these interactions will in turn affect the succession of species, community development, and substratum decay (3-5). This ability to eliminate competitors has also been used as a biotechnological tool, with the development of methods using aggressive, strongly antagonistic species, such as Trichoderma sp., to control plantpathogenic and wood rot fungi (1, 6, 7).When antagonistic relations occur, a broad array of responses can be observed, including changes in mycelial morphology at the interaction front, modification of metabolism, and production and secretion of extracellular enzymes (1,(8)(9)(10)(11). Two main pathways are used to gain an advantage over the competitor: development of attack or defense mechanisms and improvements in nutrient uptake (12). For instance, the overproduction of a large number of oxidative enzymes, such as laccases, phenoloxidases, and peroxidases, has been demonstrated in multiple interactions (13-16). As most of these enzymes are also secreted during oxidative and abiotic stresses, it has been suggested that they are part of a defensive function that contributes to the detoxification of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Laccases and peroxidases are also thought to be involved in morpholo...

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Chitinolytic enzymes: an exploration

Cited by 373 publications

References 70 publications

Chitinolytic Bacteria Isolated from Chili Rhizosphere: Chitinase Characterization and Its Application as Biocontrol for Whitefly (<i>Bemisia tabaci</i> Genn.)

Chitinolytic Bacteria Isolated from Chili Rhizosphere: Chitinase Characterization and Its Application as Biocontrol for Whitefly (<i>Bemisia tabaci</i> Genn.)

Applications of Plackett–Burman and Central Composite Design for the Optimization of Novel Brevundimonas diminuta KT277492 Chitinase Production, Investigation of its Antifungal Activity

Differential Gene Expression in Pycnoporus coccineus during Interspecific Mycelial Interactions with Different Competitors

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