Chitinase activity in human serum and leukocytes

Escott, Gemma M.; Adams, David J.

doi:10.1128/iai.63.12.4770-4773.1995

Cited by 82 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The results obtained for ChT in plasma and in MN and PMN leukocyte lysates (Table 1) suggested (2,11,15,16). The high levels of ChT in PMN leukocytes may reflect the fact that the enzyme makes a contribution to the destruction of pathogens.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

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Chitotriosidase activity in plasma and mononuclear and polymorphonuclear leukocyte populations

Bouzas

Guinarte

Tutor

2003

Clinical Laboratory Analysis

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In the general population, about 5% of individuals are homozygotic and 35% are heterozygotic carriers for chitotriosidase (ChT) deficiency. Activated macrophages are considered to be the main source of plasma ChT activity, which permits the biochemical characterization of homozygote deficients. However, in the case of detecting heterozygotic carriers, the results are often inconclusive. The activities of ChT in plasma and mononuclear (MN) and polymorphonuclear (PMN) leukocytes were determined in 169 control subjects (72 males and 97 females) with a mean age (+/- SD) of 47.5+/-9.7 years (range 18-96 years). The specific enzyme activity was in PMN leukocytes >MN leukocytes >plasma, with a highly significant partial correlation being found between the activities of ChT in plasma and PMN leukocytes (r=0.578, P<0.001). A significant correlation was found between the age of the patients studied and plasma ChT activity (r=0.568, P<0.001). No significant correlation was found for enzyme activities in MN (r=0.105) or in PMN leukocytes (r=0.043). The results obtained suggest that, in normal physiological conditions, PMN leukocytes may secrete ChT to the plasma. Although the activities of ChT in MN and PMN leukocytes are not affected by demographic factors, it is not possible to use them for the biochemical detection of ChT-deficient heterozygotic carriers.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…In human leukocyte lysates, chitinase activity is much greater than in serum (15), and Boussac and Garin (16) recently demonstrated that the neutrophils may express ChT. ChT in leukocytes may, perhaps, be less affected by demographic, anthropometric, and other factors than its enzymatic activity in serum.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chitotriosidase activity in plasma and mononuclear and polymorphonuclear leukocyte populations

Bouzas

Guinarte

Tutor

2003

Clinical Laboratory Analysis

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“…Chitin is a major constituent of arthropod exoskeleton, fungal cell wall, and helminth eggshell, pharynx and ⁄ or cuticle. Infiltration of chitin oligomers into vertebrate or plant tissue causes massive and sometimes analogous innate immune responses, including upregulation of chitinases (Escott & Adams 1995;Zhang et al 2002;Reese et al 2007) that are detrimental to parasite development (Lawrence & Novak 2006), and likely cause allergies in humans. Thus, elicitors such as chitin that are common to parasites of animals and plants can be recognized by and cause parallel immune responses in plant and animal hosts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mining the plant–herbivore interface with a leafmining Drosophila of Arabidopsis

et al. 2010

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Experimental infections of Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis) with genomically characterized plant pathogens such as Pseudomonas syringae have facilitated dissection of canonical eukaryotic defense pathways and parasite virulence factors. Plants are also attacked by herbivorous insects, and the development of an ecologically relevant genetic model herbivore that feeds on Arabidopsis will enable the parallel dissection of host defense and reciprocal resistance pathways such as those involved in xenobiotic metabolism. An ideal candidate is Scaptomyza flava, a drosophilid fly whose leafmining larvae are true herbivores that can be found in nature feeding on Arabidopsis and other crucifers. Here we describe the eukaryotic life cycle of S. flava on Arabidopsis, and use multiple approaches to characterize the response of Arabidopsis to S. flava attack. Oviposition choice tests and growth performance assays on different Arabidopsis ecotypes, defense-related mutants, and hormone and chitin-treated plants revealed significant differences in host preference and variation in larval performance across Arabidopsis accessions. The jasmonate (JA) and glucosinolate pathways in Arabidopsis are important in mediating quantitative resistance against S. flava, and priming with JA or chitin resulted in increased resistance. Expression of xenobiotic detoxification genes was reduced in S. flava larvae reared on Arabidopsis JA signaling mutants, and increased in plants pre-treated with chitin. These results and future research directions are discussed in the context of developing a genetic model system to analyze insect/ plant interactions.

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“…Since neutrophils have been reported to contain a high chitinase activity, a medium that is able to maintain cell growth is considered appropriate as diluent of a chitosan hydrogel. 14 Another study showed that chitosan hydrogel implantation was markedly associated with neutrophil accumulation and angiogenesis around the implantation site. 7 Especially, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays a major role in neovascularization associated with the skin wound healing process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Medium (DMEM/F12)‐containing chitosan hydrogel as adhesive and dressing in autologous skin grafts and accelerator in the healing process

et al. 2006

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Autologous skin grafts are considered necessary for the treatment of extensive skin defects. However, skin graft by suturing is a time-consuming medical handling and rather stressful event for recipients. To that end, tissue adhesives have been suggested in skin grafts. Chitosan hydrogel is well known as a wound dressing and tissue adhesive material showing biocompatibility, anti-infective activity, and the ability to accelerate wound healing. In this report, we evaluated the application of the chitosan hydrogel as a tissue adhesive in skin grafts. Although chitosan hydrogel shortened the operation time and resulted in a high graft absorption rate in comparison with suturing, wound epithelization was rather retarded. On the other hand, chitosan hydrogel was found more biocompatible than the commonly used tissue adhesive octyl-2-cyanoacrylate. When the chitosan hydrogel was premixed with a serum-free tissue culture medium DMEM/F12, it was found to easily degrade and promote wound epithelization. Histological examination revealed that the medium (DMEM/F12)-containing chitosan hydrogel was associated with the accumulation of polymorphonuclear leukocytes and neovascularization. In addition, immunohistochemical staining showed that the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was localized in the chitosan hydrogel degraded matrices. And infiltration of leukocytes determined the degradation activity with the D-glucose in the medium (DMEM/F12) suggested to play a central role in chitosan hydrogel degradation. Therefore, the medium (DMEM/F12)-containing chitosan hydrogel may become commonly accepted as a beneficial wound dressing and tissue adhesive in extensive wound management and skin grafts.

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Chitinase activity in human serum and leukocytes

Cited by 82 publications

References 22 publications

Chitotriosidase activity in plasma and mononuclear and polymorphonuclear leukocyte populations

Chitotriosidase activity in plasma and mononuclear and polymorphonuclear leukocyte populations

Mining the plant–herbivore interface with a leafmining Drosophila of Arabidopsis

Medium (DMEM/F12)‐containing chitosan hydrogel as adhesive and dressing in autologous skin grafts and accelerator in the healing process

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