“…The edges of sclerotised cuticles like mandibles or ovipositors, requiring high resistance against wear/tear and mechanical toughness, are strengthened by accumulation of zinc and manganese to show the Vicker's hardness ranging from 20 to 85 kgf/mm 2 , comparable to that of the enamel of our teeth (Vincent & Wegst, 2004). Variations in mechanical properties are the results of difference in protein compositions, chitin/protein ratios, and the degree of biological processes like chitin modifications, bio‐mineralisation, and crosslink formation by enzymes including MCO2 (Andersen, 2010; Asano, 2022; Hopkins & Kramer, 1992; Muthukrishnan et al, 2022; Sugumaran, 2022; Vincent & Wegst, 2004; Willis et al, 2012).…”