Chitin enhances serum IgE in Aspergillus fumigatus induced allergy in mice

Dubey, Lalit Kumar; Møeller, Jesper Bonnet; Schlosser, Anders; Sørensen, Grith Lykke; Holmskov, Uffe

doi:10.1016/j.imbio.2015.01.002

Cited by 14 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(44 reference statements)

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“…This phenomenon was initiated by C3 protein cleavage to generate C3a via the alternative pathway of the complement cascade, leading to a suppression of regulatory dendritic and T cells, and induction of allergy-promoting T H 2 cells [ 63 ]. Similar findings were reported using purified crab shell chitin as an adjuvant when administering A. fumigatus culture filtrate intraperitoneally to mice [ 144 ]. Although priming with chitin prior to challenge reduced the release of IL-4, -5, and -13 in response to culture filtrate challenge, chitin priming still enhanced both eosinophil recruitment and the secretion of IgE antibodies [ 144 ].…”

Section: Aspergillus Fumigatussupporting

confidence: 85%

“…Similar findings were reported using purified crab shell chitin as an adjuvant when administering A. fumigatus culture filtrate intraperitoneally to mice [ 144 ]. Although priming with chitin prior to challenge reduced the release of IL-4, -5, and -13 in response to culture filtrate challenge, chitin priming still enhanced both eosinophil recruitment and the secretion of IgE antibodies [ 144 ]. Similarly, mice receiving repeated intranasal inoculation of conidia of an A. fumigatus strain with increased levels of exposed chitin resulted in enhanced eosinophil recruitment to the lungs, as compared to those exposed to the wild type strain Af293 [ 145 ].…”

Section: Aspergillus Fumigatussupporting

confidence: 85%

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Immune Recognition of Fungal Polysaccharides

Snarr

Qureshi

Sheppard

2017

JoF

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The incidence of fungal infections has dramatically increased in recent years, in large part due to increased use of immunosuppressive medications, as well as aggressive medical and surgical interventions that compromise natural skin and mucosal barriers. There are relatively few currently licensed antifungal drugs, and rising resistance to these agents has led to interest in the development of novel preventative and therapeutic strategies targeting these devastating infections. One approach to combat fungal infections is to augment the host immune response towards these organisms. The polysaccharide-rich cell wall is the initial point of contact between fungi and the host immune system, and therefore, represents an important target for immunotherapeutic approaches. This review highlights the advances made in our understanding of the mechanisms by which the immune system recognizes and interacts with exopolysaccharides produced by four of the most common fungal pathogens: Aspergillus fumigatus, Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans, and Histoplasma capsulatum. Work to date suggests that inner cell wall polysaccharides that play an important structural role are the most conserved across diverse members of the fungal kingdom, and elicit the strongest innate immune responses. The immune system senses these carbohydrates through receptors, such as lectins and complement proteins. In contrast, a greater diversity of polysaccharides is found within the outer cell walls of pathogenic fungi. These glycans play an important role in immune evasion, and can even induce anti-inflammatory host responses. Further study of the complex interactions between the host immune system and the fungal polysaccharides will be necessary to develop more effective therapeutic strategies, as well as to explore the use of immunosuppressive polysaccharides as therapeutic agents to modulate inflammation.

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Section: Aspergillus Fumigatussupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Aspergillus Fumigatussupporting

confidence: 85%

Immune Recognition of Fungal Polysaccharides

Snarr

Qureshi

Sheppard

2017

JoF

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“…There is evidence to suggest that chitin can enhance the formation of allergen‐specific IgE antibodies, which play a central role in the pathomechanism of immediate hypersensitivity reactions. This has been demonstrated in murine sensitization studies, for example in mice allergic to Aspergillus fumigatus and with the chitin‐binding allergen Blo t 12 from mites ( Blomia tropicalis ) . Furthermore, chitin‐binding vicilins, leguminous storage proteins, have been described in Enterolobium contortisiliquum and Erythrina velutina .…”

Section: Safety Criteriamentioning

confidence: 83%

“…Carminic acid alone or bound to protein and coextracted IgE‐binding proteins from cochineals have been discussed as possible triggers of documented anaphylactic reactions to carmine . The binding of IgE antibodies from individuals, which are allergic to carmine, to extracted proteins of the cochineal was inhibited in vitro by a carmine extract . The results point to allergenic proteins in the cochineal and their presence in carmine.…”

Section: Safety Criteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Safety aspects of the production of foods and food ingredients from insects

Schlüter

Rumpold

Holzhauser

et al. 2016

Molecular Nutrition Food Res

138

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At present, insects are rarely used by the European food industry, but they are a subject of growing interest as an alternative source of raw materials. The risks associated with the use of insects in the production of foods and food ingredients have not been sufficiently investigated. There is a lack of scientifically based knowledge of insect processing to ensure food safety, especially when these processes are carried out on an industrial scale. This review focuses on the safety aspects that need to be considered regarding the fractionation of insects for the production of foods and food ingredients.

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“…In the T H 2 cells, IL-10 is induced by the Gata3 as part of the T H 2 differentiation program. 37 However, appropriately sized chitin fragments (CMPs) have been shown to decrease type 2 responses 37 and CMPs stimulate IL-10 production to down-regulating T H 2 responses 6,38 or act as IFN-γ inducer (a T H 1 adjuvant) to inhibit T H 2 inflammation. 4,9 Our findings: IFN-γ/IL-10 production and Tbx21 but not Gata3 overexpression indicate CMP is the polyhedral adjuvant.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chitin Micro Particles Regulate Splenocytes Immune Response in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

Mami

Yeganeh

Farahani

et al. 2019

IJAAI

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Contrasting studies are reported on the induction of IL-10 and IFN-γ via chitin microparticles (CMPs) during immune stimulation. Our previous studies have shown marked protection among CMP treated Leishmania-infected mice via regulated IL-10/IFN-γ response, at the present study, once more, examined the inconsistent responses regarding the immunologic response of CMPS. To verify whether CMPs could indeed up-regulate IL-10/IFN-γ axis, isolated spleen cells from the myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mice were cultured in the presence of MOG peptide and/or CMPs. The effects of CMPs on IL-10, IFN-γ and IL-17 production were evaluated by Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Moreover, GATA binding protein 3 (Gata3), T-box transcription factor TBX21 (Tbx21), and RAR-related orphan receptor gamma (RORγT) expressions (real-time PCR) were investigated. MOG alone stimulated the production of IFN-γ (p≤0.004) but not, IL-10 (p≤0.140). MOG/chitin stimulation resulted in a significant increase in IFN-γ and IL-10 levels, respectively; (p≤0.004 and p≤0.003) rather than MOG. Additionally, the expression of Tbx21 (p≤0.001), but not Gata3 (p≤0.08), was increased in the MOG/chitin-treated spleen cells. All in all, CMP supports Gata3 independent IL-10 production and promotes Tbx21 dependent IFN-γ induction. These results, alongside our previous data, indicate that CMPs has particular adjuvant effects.

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Chitin enhances serum IgE in Aspergillus fumigatus induced allergy in mice

Cited by 14 publications

References 34 publications

Immune Recognition of Fungal Polysaccharides

Immune Recognition of Fungal Polysaccharides

Safety aspects of the production of foods and food ingredients from insects

Chitin Micro Particles Regulate Splenocytes Immune Response in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

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