Chirped-Pulse Oscillators: Route to the Energy-Scalable Femtosecond Pulses

Theory of Laser Energy Harvesting at Femtosecond Scale

“…The dissipative factors are defined by a net-loss with the coefficient Γ, a small-signal gain r with the inverse saturation energy σ and a squared inverse gain bandwidth τ. The self-amplitude modulation (SAM) providing ML is described by an effective "perfectly saturable absorber" [24] with the modulation depth μ, and the inverse saturation power ζ.…”

“…0) as well as a higher E ∝ ζ= ffiffi ffi τ p minimize the pulse width T (Figure 3). Properties of DS are described by the so-called master diagram [24] which represents the DS parametric space and is shown in Figure 4(a). There are two DS-solutions of Eqs.…”

“…Physically, this type of SAM describes approximately an action of nonlinear polarization rotation, which is a typical ML mechanism for fiber lasers, or a so-called "soft aperture" Kerrlens ML typical for solid-state lasers [24,25]. In this case, loss saturation switches to the loss growth at α 2 ¼ 1=2ζ and…”

“…The first one is based on the unique capacity of laser dissipative solitons (DS) [17,23] to accumulate an energy without loss of stability [24,25]. Some basic approaches to study of the energy-scaling laws for such systems will be presented, and the limits of energy and pulse width scalability will be outlined.…”

“…The mechanisms of ML are beyond the scopes of this work, and we will focus on the principles of the sustained ML energy-scalable regimes at femtosecond scale. The basic principle under consideration is to exploit DS [23] which is extremely stable in nonequilibrium dissipative environment [24,25]. Since DS behaves like a soliton of integrable systems [17,44], its dynamics can be described by some distributed nonlinear model.…”