“…In the last few years, a variety of approaches have been introduced for obtaining piezoelectric impedance characteristics [1,2,[4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. A knowledge of such impedance characteristics is important for, structural health monitoring [10,11] and for electrical circuit modelling [6,8] of the piezoelectric devices. In the case of high power applications, knowledge of the impedance characteristics is important so that maximum transmission performance can be achieved [5,[12][13][14].…”