Chiroptera (Bats)

Buckles, Elizabeth L.

doi:10.1016/b978-1-4557-7397-8.00035-9

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 60 publications

(103 reference statements)

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“…Pteropid bats have been studied in various research fields as they have been identified as a natural reservoir for various emerging zoonotic viruses, including Marburg virus [1], Hendra virus, Nipah virus [2] and lyssavirus variants [3]. Moreover, among the family Pteropodidae, also the Egyptian fruit bat (Rousettus aegyptiacus) Butorphanol (BUT) is a k agonist-µ antagonist opioid with mild sedative and analgesic properties [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of two injectable anaesthetic protocols in Egyptian fruit bats(Rousettus aegyptiacus)undergoing gonadectomy

Amari

Brioschi

Rabbogliatti

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Egyptian fruit bats are experimental animals of increasing interest because they have been identified as a natural reservoir for several emerging zoonotic viruses. For this reason, bats could undergo different experimental procedures that require sedation or anaesthesia. Our aim was to compare the effects of two balanced anaesthetic protocols on sedation, cardiopulmonary variables and recovery in bats undergoing gonadectomy. Twenty bats were randomized into two groups; patients in group DK received intramuscular injection of dexmedetomidine (40 μg kg-1) and ketamine (7 mg kg-1), whereas those in group DBM were anaesthetized with intramuscular dexmedetomidine (40 μg kg-1), butorphanol (0.3 mg kg-1) and midazolam (0.3 mg kg-1). Time of induction, cardiopulmonary parameters and anaesthetic depth were measured. If anaesthesia plan was considered inadequate, fraction of inspired isoflurane was titrate-to-effect to achieve immobility. At the end of the surgery venous blood gas analysis was performed and intramuscular atipamezole (200 μg kg-1) or atipamezole (200 μg kg-1) and flumazenil (0.03 mg kg-1) was administered for timed and scored recovery phase. A significantly higher heart rate and peripheral oxygen saturation were recorded in DBM group (p = 0.001; p = 0.003 respectively), while respiratory rate was significantly lower than DK group (p = 0.001). All bats required isoflurane supplementation during surgery with no significant difference. No differences were observed in rectal temperature, induction and recovery times. Sodium and chlorine where significantly higher in DBM group (p = 0.001; p = 0.002 respectively). Recovery scores in group DK were significantly better than in group DBM (p = 0.034). Both protocols induced anaesthesia in Egyptian fruit bats with comparable sedative and cardiorespiratory effect. These drug combinations may be useful for minor procedures in bats, and they could be associated with inhalation anaesthesia in determining and maintaining a surgical anaesthetic plan.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of two injectable anaesthetic protocols in Egyptian fruit bats(Rousettus aegyptiacus)undergoing gonadectomy

Amari

Brioschi

Rabbogliatti

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…3 Habitat loss, climatic change, human-bat conflict and predation are well-recognised threats to bat species, 1 but little is known about the impact of diseases on bats, other than those with zoonotic potential. 4 In a post-mortem study of 486 bats in Germany, fatal bacterial and viral infections and parasitic infestations were identified in 12% of them, highlighting the potentially catastrophic impact that infectious or parasitic agents may have on wild bats. 5 Skin disease, in particular, was found to be common in a recent international survey of captive bat populations; one third of skin lesions were reported to affect bat pinnae and frequently involved tissue necrosis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Worldwide, bat numbers are decreasing, 2 with 16% of Chiroptera species listed as critically endangered, endangered or vulnerable on the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List 3 . Habitat loss, climatic change, human‐bat conflict and predation are well‐recognised threats to bat species, 1 but little is known about the impact of diseases on bats, other than those with zoonotic potential 4 . In a post‐mortem study of 486 bats in Germany, fatal bacterial and viral infections and parasitic infestations were identified in 12% of them, highlighting the potentially catastrophic impact that infectious or parasitic agents may have on wild bats 5 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diseases and histopathological findings from lesional pinnae of 10 bats

Boone

Fountain

Williams

et al. 2021

Vet Record Case Reports

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Pinnae are vital structures for echolocation and survival in many species of bats. Pinnal lesions have been described as common in captive bats, but information on specific diseases affecting the pinnae is scarce. A collection of histological sections of lesional pinnae from 10 bats, archived by bat conservation centers worldwide, was examined to identify potential aetiologies of disease. No neoplastic changes were seen but all pinnae showed inflammation, most commonly intraepidermal pustular dermatitis, deep perivascular dermatitis, nodular and/or diffuse dermatitis, and panniculitis. All bats with deep inflammation had concurrent pinnal perichondritis and cartilage necrosis. Microbial overgrowth was frequent, and pyoderma was confirmed in two bats based on histopathological and culture findings. Although no single aetiological agent was identified, deep inflammation was common and severe, highlighting the potential detriment to affected bats and the need for future study of these delicate structures.

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MR1-Restricted T Cells with MAIT-like Characteristics Are Functionally Conserved in the Pteropid Bat Pteropus alecto

et al. 2020

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Bats are reservoirs for a large number of viruses which have potential to cause major human disease outbreaks, including the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Major efforts are underway to understand bat immune response to viruses, whereas much less is known about their immune responses to bacteria. In this study, MR1-restricted T (MR1T) cells were detected through the use of MR1 tetramers in circulation and tissues of Pteropus alecto (Pa) bats. Pa MR1T cells exhibited weak responses to MR1-presented microbial metabolites at resting state. However, following priming with MR1-presented agonist they proliferated, upregulated critical transcription factors and cytolytic proteins, and gained transient expression of Th1/17-related cytokines and antibacterial cytotoxicity. Collectively, these findings show that the Pa bat immune system encompasses an abundant and functionally conserved population of MR1T cells with mucosal-associated invariant T-like characteristics, suggesting that MR1 and MR1T cells also play a significant role in bat immune defense.

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Chiroptera (Bats)

Cited by 8 publications

References 60 publications

Comparison of two injectable anaesthetic protocols in Egyptian fruit bats(Rousettus aegyptiacus)undergoing gonadectomy

Comparison of two injectable anaesthetic protocols in Egyptian fruit bats(Rousettus aegyptiacus)undergoing gonadectomy

Diseases and histopathological findings from lesional pinnae of 10 bats

MR1-Restricted T Cells with MAIT-like Characteristics Are Functionally Conserved in the Pteropid Bat Pteropus alecto

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