Chironomid-inferred Late-glacial air temperatures at Whitrig Bog, Southeast Scotland

Brooks, Stephen J.; Birks, H. John B.

doi:10.1002/1099-1417(200012)15:8<759::aid-jqs590>3.0.co;2-v

Cited by 212 publications

(188 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…The calculation of Lateglacial palaeotemperatures through regression analysis has become possible due to the close empirical relationship between the occurrence of individual chironomid taxa and summer surface-water temperature, and use of the mutual climatic range (MCR) method of relating coleopteran assemblages to mean maximum and minimum air temperatures (Atkinson et al, 1987;Brooks & Birks, 2000). Palaeoecological datasets used as UK temperature proxies appear to be in good agreement with climatic patterns identified in the GRIP data ( Fig.…”

Section: Scottish Palaeoclimatesupporting

confidence: 82%

High-resolution numerical simulation of Younger Dryas glaciation in Scotland

Golledge

Hubbard

Sugden

2008

Quaternary Science Reviews

116

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We use a 500 m resolution three-dimensional thermomechanical ice -sheet model forced by a scaled GRIP temperature pattern to retrodict the extent of glaciers during the Younger Dryas episode in Scotland. Using empirical data from sources spanning half a century we systematically perturb temperature depression, precipitation distribution, and the amount of basal sliding to identify the parameter space that most closely reproduces the glacier margins identified from field investigations. Arithmetic comparison of predicted ice cover with empirical glacier extent enables mismatch to be quantified and an 'optimum fit' timeslice to be identified. This 'best-fit' scenario occurs with a maximum mean annual temperature depression from present of 10 C and steep eastward and northward gradients imposed on a modern precipitation distribution, coupled with restricted basal sliding. Even small deviations around these values produce considerably less well-fitting glacier configurations, suggesting that only a narrow range of optimal parameterisation exists. Mismatch between modelled and empirically reconstructed glacier extents occurs as a consequence of local conditions not accommodated by the model, such as wind-blown snow accumulation and lake (loch) bathymetry, and where geological evidence is equivocal. At the domain scale, however, our simulation suggests that inception of Scottish glaciers occurs rapidly, and leads to a coherent ice cap within 400 years of initial climatic cooling. According to our model, the ice cap begins to decay relatively early in the stadial, probably as a result of increasing aridity leading to net thinning and recession of many of its margins, with final and catastrophic collapse of the ice cap occurring largely within a century.

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Section: Scottish Palaeoclimatesupporting

confidence: 82%

High-resolution numerical simulation of Younger Dryas glaciation in Scotland

Golledge

Hubbard

Sugden

2008

Quaternary Science Reviews

116

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“…At LPA highest inferred temperatures were recorded at the onset of the Bølling, and they slowly decreased during the Allerød. A similar trend was reconstructed with chironomid assemblages at Whitrig Bog, southeastern Scotland (Brooks and Birks, 2000a), at Hawes Water, northern England (Bedford et al, 2004), and at Egelsee (Larocque et al, submitted for publication), as well as by δ 18 O records north of the Alps (von Grafenstein et al, 1999(von Grafenstein et al, , 2000Frisia et al, 2005). At Lago di Lavarone, however, Allerød chironomid-inferred temperatures were slightly higher (by 1°C) than during the Bølling, suggesting that a temperature change might explain the expansion of thermophilous tree-species at that time, as discussed by Finsinger (2004).…”

Section: Patterns Of Climatic Change As Inferred From Chironomid Recosupporting

confidence: 71%

“…Coldest air temperatures were inferred at LPA during the Younger Dryas, when chironomid taxa having cold/ (Bedford et al, 2004) and at Whitrig Bog (Brooks and Birks, 2000a) but in a range similar to that recorded in northeastern Italy (Heiri et al, in press) (Table 3). Early-Holocene temperatures were generally high at the beginning of the Holocene in the northern Alps and northern Europe (Porinchu and Cwynar, 2000;Stefanova et al, 2003;Caseldine et al, 2003;Heiri et al, 2004Heiri et al, , 2003Larocque and Hall, 2004).…”

Section: Patterns Of Climatic Change As Inferred From Chironomid Recomentioning

confidence: 99%

Late-glacial chironomid-based temperature reconstructions for Lago Piccolo di Avigliana in the southwestern Alps (Italy)

Larocque

Finsinger

2008

Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology

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Chironomid headcapsules were used to reconstruct late glacial and early-Holocene summer temperatures at Lago Piccolo di Avigliana (LPA). Two training sets (northern Sweden, North America) were used to infer temperatures. The reconstructed patterns of temperature change agreed well with the GRIP and NGRIP δ 18 O records. Inferred temperatures were high during the Bølling (ca 19°C), slowly decreased to ca 17.5°C during the Allerød, reached lowest temperatures (ca 16°C) during the Younger Dryas, and increased to ca. 18.5°C during the Preboreal. The amplitudes of change at climate transitions (i.e. Oldest Dryas/Bølling: 3°C, Allerød/Younger Dryas: 1.5°C, and Younger Dryas/Preboreal: 2.5°C) were smaller than in the northern Alps but similar to those recorded at another site in northeastern Italy. Our results suggest that (1) Allerød temperatures were higher in the southern Alps and (2) higher during the Preboreal (1°C) than during the Allerød. These differences might provide an explanation for the different responses of terrestrial-vegetation to late glacial and early-Holocene climatic changes in the two regions. Other sites on both sides of the Alps should be studied to confirm these two hypotheses.

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“…Walker et al, 1991;Brooks and Birks, 2000). Chironomid remains were picked from water using a modified Bogorov tray, placed in water drops on glass slides, and fixed using Pro-Texx mounting medium following the evaporation of water.…”

Section: Article In Pressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cooling and changing seasonality in the Southern Alps, New Zealand during the Antarctic Cold Reversal

Vandergoes

Dieffenbacher-Krall

Newnham

et al. 2008

Quaternary Science Reviews

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A comprehensively 14 C AMS dated pollen and chironomid record from Boundary Stream Tarn provides the first chironomid-derived temperature reconstruction to quantify temperature change during Lateglacial times (17,500-10,000 cal yr BP) in the Southern Alps, New Zealand. The records indicate a ca 1000-year disruption to the Lateglacial warming trend and an overall cooling consistent with the Antarctic Cold Reversal (ACR). The main interval of chironomid-inferred summer temperature depression ($2-3 1C) lasted about 700 years during the ACR. Following this cooling event, both proxies indicate a warming step to temperatures slightly cooler than present during the Younger Dryas chronozone (12,900-11,500 cal yr BP). These results highlight a direct linkage between Antarctica and midlatitude terrestrial climate systems and the largely asynchronous nature of the interhemispheric climate system during the last glacial transition. The greater magnitude of temperature changes shown by the chironomid record is attributed to the response of the proxies to differences in seasonal climate with chironomids reflecting summer temperature and vegetation more strongly controlled by duration of winter or by minimum temperatures. These differences imply stronger seasonality at times during the Lateglacial, which may explain some of the variability between other paleoclimate records from New Zealand and have wider implications for understanding differences between proxy records for abrupt climate change. r

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Chironomid-inferred Late-glacial air temperatures at Whitrig Bog, Southeast Scotland

Cited by 212 publications

References 43 publications

High-resolution numerical simulation of Younger Dryas glaciation in Scotland

High-resolution numerical simulation of Younger Dryas glaciation in Scotland

Late-glacial chironomid-based temperature reconstructions for Lago Piccolo di Avigliana in the southwestern Alps (Italy)

Cooling and changing seasonality in the Southern Alps, New Zealand during the Antarctic Cold Reversal

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