Chiral reflection from a naturally optically active medium

Silverman, Mark P.; Badoz, J.; Briat, B.

doi:10.1364/ol.17.000886

Cited by 63 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Purely normal incidence is also very important because the different sets of material equations discussed by various authors predict specular polarization effects at inclined incidence to the interface but produce controversial results for normal incidence. Because of this, the positive experimental results recently obtained by Silverman, Badoz, and Briat [13], where differential reflection of left and right circularly polarized light was reported, while being an important achievement, cannot provide an argument in this discussion.…”

Section: (7)mentioning

confidence: 87%

“…The main difference between this study and previous reflection optical activity experiments [8,9,13] is that here we have taken measurements from a strongly absorbing material which enabled us to measure polarization azimuth rotation in reflected light rather than left-right differential reflection, which is the only permitted phenomenon in low-absorption media. Purely normal incidence is also very important because the different sets of material equations discussed by various authors predict specular polarization effects at inclined incidence to the interface but produce controversial results for normal incidence.…”

Section: (7)mentioning

confidence: 98%

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Experimental observation of specular optical activity

1993

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We report the first positive experimental observation of the optical activity effect on normal reflection. The experiment was performed along the optic axis in a gyrotropic semiconductor crystal of a-HgS, cinnabar, in a spectral region of strong absorption. Reflected light polarization azimuth rotation resulting from the reflection is of the order of 10 ~4 rad and has pronounced dependence on hco -E g .

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Section: (7)mentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: (7)mentioning

confidence: 98%

Experimental observation of specular optical activity

1993

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“…The detected light flux is then given by (14) in which (s)1'll a12) (15) ta21 a22) is the statistical operator of the light issuing from the scattering cell as the effective source of illumination. Evaluation of the trace in Eq.…”

Section: Determination Of the State Of Scattered Light By Optical Phamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Evaluation of the trace in Eq. (13) yields (up to an unimportant numerical factor) a detected light intensity ofthe form 111o 1 + 8L cos q + oc sin q (16) in which in that case the effective density matrix of the source, in contrast to relation (15), is p sst.…”

Section: Determination Of the State Of Scattered Light By Optical Phamentioning

confidence: 99%

Polarimetric detection of cached objects and chiral solutes by light scattering in turbid media

Silverman¹,

Strange²

2000

SPIE Proceedings

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Photoelastic modulation (PEM) and synchronous detection of laser light scattered from an optically dense turbid medium can reveal the presence and topographical features of embedded targets invisible to naked-eye observation under ambient illumination, as well as provide a quantitative measure of the optical rotation, and therefore the concentration, of chiral constituents dissolved in a turbid fluid. A 544 nm helium-neon probe beam phase-modulated at f = 50 kHz was scanned across the front surface of a scattering cell containing an optically dense suspension of micron-sized polystyrene microspheres and different types of embedded targets. Backscattered light was analyzed for signals at the modulation frequency 1(f) and first harmonic I(2f), which gave nearly instantaneous measures (i.e. approximately over a modulation period T = 1 7 is) of the difference in intensities of orthogonal states of circular and linear polarizations, respectively. Examination of different targets showed sensitivity of polarimetnc imaging to edges, surface texture, and absorption. In another set of experiments the optical rotation and degree ofpolarization ofphase-modulated light was observed by forward, lateral, and back scattering from solutions of the enantiomer D-glucose containing a suspension of polystyrene microspheres. Optical rotations increased linearly with glucose concentration at a rate dependent on the microsphere concentration, and were large even at optical thicknesses sufficiently great to extinguish transmission of the incident beam. Applications of the techniques to remote viewing and biochemical analyses can be envisioned..

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“…It is much less well-known that polarization rotation also occurs for reflection from chiral materials [1-3] and diffusive scattering from chiral liquids [4]. Just as conventional polarization rotation (transmission circular birefringence) is usually accompanied by different levels of transmission for right-handed and left-handed circularly polarized waves (transmission circular dichroism), polarization rotation in reflection (specular circular birefringence) also goes along with a difference in reflectivity levels for waves of opposite handedness (specular circular dichroism), which was observed, for example, for solutions of camphorquinone [5] and proteins [6] as well as thin films of chiral polyfluorene [7].Both specular circular birefringence and specular circular dichroism appear to be subtle phenomena, which are hardly acknowledged and remain of little practical importance even if enhanced through multiple reflections [8], see Fig. 1(a).…”

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confidence: 99%

Specular optical activity of achiral metasurfaces

Plum

Fedotov

Zheludev

2016

Applied Physics Letters

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Optical activity in 3D-chiral media in the form of circular dichroism and birefringence is a fundamental phenomenon that serves as evidence of life forms and is widely used in spectroscopy. Even in 3D-chiral media exhibiting strong transmission optical activity, the reflective effect is weak and sometimes undetectable. Here we report that specular optical activity at structured interfaces can be very strong. Resonant polarization rotation reaching 25 • and reflectivity contrast exceeding 50% for oppositely circularly polarized waves are observed for microwaves reflected by a metasurface with structural elements lacking two-fold rotational symmetry. The effect arises at oblique incidence from a 3D-chiral arrangement of the wave's direction and the metasurface's structure that itself does not possess chiral elements. Specular optical activity of such magnitude is unprecedented. It is fundamentally different from the polarization effects occurring upon scattering, reflection and transmission from surfaces with 2D-chiral patterns. The scale of the effect allows applications in polarization sensitive devices and surface spectroscopies.Optical activity, that is the ability to rotate the polarization state of light (circular birefringence) and differential throughput of circularly polarized waves (circular dichroism), is a fundamental electromagnetic effect of importance in various fields, from analytical chemistry and crystallography to sensors and display applications. Optical activity is usually observed for transmission through structurally 3D-chiral (mirror-asymmetric) media, e.g. crystals of quartz or cinnabar, or solutions of 3D-chiral molecules like sugar or proteins. It is much less well-known that polarization rotation also occurs for reflection from chiral materials [1-3] and diffusive scattering from chiral liquids [4]. Just as conventional polarization rotation (transmission circular birefringence) is usually accompanied by different levels of transmission for right-handed and left-handed circularly polarized waves (transmission circular dichroism), polarization rotation in reflection (specular circular birefringence) also goes along with a difference in reflectivity levels for waves of opposite handedness (specular circular dichroism), which was observed, for example, for solutions of camphorquinone [5] and proteins [6] as well as thin films of chiral polyfluorene [7].Both specular circular birefringence and specular circular dichroism appear to be subtle phenomena, which are hardly acknowledged and remain of little practical importance even if enhanced through multiple reflections [8], see Fig. 1(a). Indeed, in the case of light transmission, optical activity accumulates over the propagation distance and can gain up to several hundred degrees per millimeter. In reflection, however, the phenomenon results from scattering of light by only few atomic/molecular layers located at the interface.In this letter we demonstrate giant specular optical activity for a single reflection. Specular circular birefringenc...

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Chiral reflection from a naturally optically active medium

Cited by 63 publications

References 10 publications

Experimental observation of specular optical activity

Experimental observation of specular optical activity

Polarimetric detection of cached objects and chiral solutes by light scattering in turbid media

Specular optical activity of achiral metasurfaces

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