Chipset Nanosensor Based on N‐Doped Carbon Nanobuds for Selective Screening of Epinephrine in Human Samples

Abstract

Chipset nanosensor design and fabrication are important for healthcare research and development. Herein, a functionalized chipset nanosensor is designed to monitor neurotransmitters (i.e., epinephrine (EP)) in human fluids. An interdigitated electrode array (IDA) is functionalized by N‐doped carbon nanobud (N‐CNB) and N‐doped carbon nanostructure (N‐CNS). The surface morphology of N‐CNB shows the formation of nanotubular‐like branches on sheets and micrometer‐size tubes. The N‐CNS design consists of the formation of aggregated sheets and particles in nanometer size. The irregular shape formation provides surface heterogeneity and numerous free spaces between the stacked nanostructures. N‐atoms ascertain highly active N‐CNS with multifunctional active centers, electron‐rich charged surface, and short distance pathway. The N‐CNB/IDA exhibits the best performance for EP signaling with high sensitivity and selectivity. The N‐CNB/IDA sensing performance for EP detection indicates the successful design of a highly selective and sensitive assay with low detection limit of 0.011 × 10−6 m and a broad linear range of 0.5 × 10−6 to 3 × 10−6 m. The N‐CNB/IDA exhibits a high degree of accuracy and reproducibility with RSD of 2.7% and 3.9%, respectively. Therefore, the chipset nanosensor of N‐CNB/IDA can be used for on‐site monitoring of EP in human serum samples and further used in daily monitoring of neuronal disorders.

Nitrogen-doped carbon hollow trunk-like structure as a portable electrochemical sensor for noradrenaline detection in neuronal cells

“…The presence of N atoms in the graphitic carbon chain breaks the carbon electroneutrality and creates abundant active sites with a partially polarized surface of positive and negative charges. This functionality arises from the difference in the electronegativity and electron configuration between N and C atoms [39,40]. Thus, the preparation of N-doped carbon-based materials with a novel procedure, porous network, high surface area, long durability, highly stable structure, and homogenous atomic distribution produces highly active materials with synergetic catalytic activity and high charge mobility and electron density.…”

Nitrogen-Doped Graphene Supported α-Co(OH)2 for Sensitive Determination of Adrenaline

“…Adrenaline (4-[(1 R)−1-hydroxy-2-(methylamino)ethyl]benzene-1,2-diol; AD) is a catecholamine neurotransmitter, 1,2 and the adrenal glands and certain neurons usually secrete AD in physiological stress or hypoglycemia. 1,3 AD plays an important role in the regulation of the sympathetic nervous system, and its imbalance concentration is responsible for heart disease, thyroid hormone diseases, schizophrenic disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and Alzheimer's disease.…”

“…Among different analytical detection techniques, the electrochemical system exhibited the advantages of high signaling amplification, easy fabrication, simple operation, low cost, and rapid detection. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] It has been reported that due to sluggish electrode kinetics and high overpotential, the conventional electrodes provided negligible response toward electrochemical oxidation of AD. 3,6 Furthermore, in physiological samples AD usually coexist with other biomolecules such as dopamine (DA), ascorbic acid (AA), and Uric acid (UA).…”