Chip-Level Integration of Covalent Organic Frameworks for Trace Benzene Sensing

Yuan, Hao; Li, Nanxi; Linghu, Jiajun; Dong, Jinqiao; Wang, Yuxiang; Karmakar, Avishek; Yuan, Jiaren; Li, Mengsha; Buenconsejo, Pio John S.; Guo-liang, Liu; Cai, Hong; Pennycook, Stephen J.; Singh, Navab; Zhao, Dan

doi:10.1021/acssensors.0c00495

Cited by 66 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…In such a manner, the capacitance can be correlated with the gas species and concentrations of the gas. [46,47] Figures 5b,c depict the optical images of the sensor before and after NUS-8-NH 2 coating. Explicitly, homogeneous layers can be formed onto the sensors to completely suffuse the gaps between IDEs (Figure 5c-e and Figure S33,S34).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solution‐Processable Metal–Organic Framework Nanosheets with Variable Functionalities

et al. 2021

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challenging but highly attractive for multitudinous applications, including molecular sieving technologies, drug delivery, and electronics. [1][2][3] Recently, noteworthy successes have been reported in the design and synthesis of porous organic cages [1,2] and metal-organic polyhedrons [4][5][6] with well-defined pore space and high solubility/dispersity in bulky solvents. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), constructed by discrete inorganic secondary building units (SBUs) and organic linkers, have emerged as a novel class of crystalline porous materials featuring high degrees of designability in porosity, structural topology, and host-guest interactions. [7][8][9] Typically, their pore size and shape, dimensionality, and active sites (e.g., appended functional groups, coordinatively unsaturated open metal sites) can be modulated judiciously via isoreticular chemistry. The past decade has witnessed significant advances in the synthesis of novel MOFs with adjustable physicochemical properties and their applications in molecule storage/separation, [10] catalysis, [11] drug delivery, [12] and chemical sensing. [13] However, MOFs intrinsically lack fluidity and thus processability. This issue severely impedes the scale-up production of MOF-based devices such as Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) intrinsically lack fluidity and thus solution processability. Direct synthesis of MOFs exhibiting solution processability like polymers remains challenging but highly sought-after for multitudinous applications. Herein, a one-pot, surfactant-free, and scalable synthesis of highly stable MOF suspensions composed of exceptionally large (average area > 15 000 µm 2 ) NUS-8 nanosheets with variable functionalities and excellent solution processability is presented. This is achieved by adding capping molecules during the synthesis, and by judicious controls of precursor concentration and MOF nanosheet-solvent interactions. The resulting 2D NUS-8 nanosheets with variable functionalities exhibit excellent solution processability. As such, relevant monoliths, aero-and xerogels, and large-area textured films with a great homogeneity, controllable thickness, and appreciable mechanical properties can be facilely fabricated. Additionally, from both the molecular-and chip-level it is demonstrated that capacitive sensors integrated with NUS-8 films functionalized with different terminal groups exhibit distinguishable sensing behaviors toward acetone due to their disparate host-guest interactions. It is envisioned that this simple approach will greatly facilitate the integration of MOFs in miniaturized electronic devices and benefit their mass production.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solution‐Processable Metal–Organic Framework Nanosheets with Variable Functionalities

et al. 2021

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“…Therefore, the CSDs based on the COF TTA-DHTA film had selectivity to Ru 3+ , and its photocurrent was gradually increased as the ion concentration increased from 0.3 to 30 × 10 −6 m. Recently, Zhao and coworkers reported a chip level imine-COF based sensor for tracing benzene vapor. [214] The growth of active layer BTA−TAPT film for senor was conducted in low monomer concentration from universal solvothermal procedure (Figure 11f-h). Grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS) measurement indicated the resultant film exhibited periodic arrangement at in-plane orientation.…”

Section: Photodetector and Sensor Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Controllable Synthesis and Performance Modulation of 2D Covalent–Organic Frameworks

2021

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Covalent–organic frameworks (COFs) are especially interesting and unique as their highly ordered topological structures entirely built from plentiful π‐conjugated units through covalent bonds. Arranging tailorable organic building blocks into periodically reticular skeleton bestows predictable lattices and various properties upon COFs in respect of topology diagrams, pore size, properties of channel wall interfaces, etc. Indeed, these peculiar features in terms of crystallinity, conjugation degree, and topology diagrams fundamentally decide the applications of COFs including heterogeneous catalysis, energy conversion, proton conduction, light emission, and optoelectronic devices. Additionally, this research field has attracted widespread attention and is of importance with a major breakthrough in recent year. However, this research field is running with the lack of summaries about tailorable construction of 2D COFs for targeted functionalities. This review first covers some crucial polymeric strategies of preparing COFs, containing boron ester condensation, amine‐aldehyde condensation, Knoevenagel condensation, trimerization reaction, Suzuki CC coupling reaction, and hybrid polycondensation. Subsequently, a summary is made of some representative building blocks, and then underlines how the electronic and molecular structures of building blocks can strongly influence the functional performance of COFs. Finally, conclusion and perspectives on 2D COFs for further study are proposed.

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“…Traditional methods require ambient air samples to be drawn into sorbent material or collected in evacuated stainless-steel canisters then transferred to the lab for further analysis. More recently, open path Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and proton transfer reaction-mass spectroscopy (PTR-MS) have allowed for near-real time analysis in the field [32]; however, these techniques are expensive to purchase and operate due to their need for support gases, power requirements, or large physical size, and hence are not ideal for long-term stationary or mobile monitoring [30,[33][34][35][36].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterizing the Performance of a Compact BTEX GC-PID for Near-Real Time Analysis and Field Deployment

Frausto-Vicencio¹,

Moreno²,

Goldsmith³

et al. 2021

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In this study, we test the performance of a compact gas chromatograph with photoionization detector (GC-PID) and optimize the configuration to detect ambient (sub-ppb) levels of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene isomers (BTEX). The GC-PID system was designed to serve as a relatively inexpensive (~$10k) and field-deployable air toxic screening tool alternative to conventional benchtop GCs. The instrument uses ambient air as a carrier gas, and consists of a Tenax-GR trap preconcentrator, a gas sample valve, two capillary columns, and a photoionization detector (PID) with a small footprint and low power requirement. The performance of the GC-PID has been evaluated in terms of system linearity and sensitivity in field conditions. The BTEX-GC system demonstrated the capacity to detect BTEX at levels as high as 500 ppb with a linear calibration range of 0-100 ppb. A detection limit lower than 1 ppb was found for all BTEX compounds with a sampling volume of 1 L. No significant drift in the instrument was observed. A time-varying calibration technique was established that requires minimal equipment for field operations and optimizes the sampling procedure for field measurements. With an analysis time of less than 15 minutes, the compact GC-PID is ideal for field deployment of background and polluted atmospheres for near-real time measurements of BTEX. The results highlight the application of the compact and portable GC-PID for community monitoring and screening of air toxics.

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Chip-Level Integration of Covalent Organic Frameworks for Trace Benzene Sensing

Cited by 66 publications

References 60 publications

Solution‐Processable Metal–Organic Framework Nanosheets with Variable Functionalities

Solution‐Processable Metal–Organic Framework Nanosheets with Variable Functionalities

Controllable Synthesis and Performance Modulation of 2D Covalent–Organic Frameworks

Characterizing the Performance of a Compact BTEX GC-PID for Near-Real Time Analysis and Field Deployment

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