Chinese vaccine scandal unlikely to dent childhood immunization rates

Phillips, Nicky

doi:10.1038/d41586-018-05835-1

Cited by 14 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…The rapidly increased crude rates of influenza from 2016 to 2018 coincided with a large reduction in the numbers of vaccines approved for sale at the same time. The reductions in the numbers of vaccine supplements were mostly due to the outcomes of vaccine scandals related to improper vaccine storage and production in 2016 and 2018, respectively 9,10,37 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The average national vaccination coverage was reported to be just 1.5–2.2% between 2004 and 2014 7,8 . The overall number of flu vaccines approved for sale by China’s National Institute for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC) has decreased in recent years 9,10 . The low coverage rate and reduction in flu vaccine supplementation have raised much concern about the increased risk of influenza incidence in China.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spatiotemporal Analysis of Influenza in China, 2005–2018

Zhang

2019

Sci Rep

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Influenza is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, as well as in China. Knowledge of the spatial and temporal characteristics of influenza is important in evaluating and developing disease control programs. This study aims to describe an accurate spatiotemporal pattern of influenza at the prefecture level and explore the risk factors associated with influenza incidence risk in mainland China from 2005 to 2018. The incidence data of influenza were obtained from the Chinese Notifiable Infectious Disease Reporting System (CNIDRS). The Besag York Mollié (BYM) model was extended to include temporal and space-time interaction terms. The parameters for this extended Bayesian spatiotemporal model were estimated through integrated nested Laplace approximations (INLA) using the package R-INLA in R. A total of 702,226 influenza cases were reported in mainland China in CNIDRS from 2005–2018. The yearly reported incidence rate of influenza increased 15.6 times over the study period, from 3.51 in 2005 to 55.09 in 2008 per 100,000 populations. The temporal term in the spatiotemporal model showed that much of the increase occurred during the last 3 years of the study period. The risk factor analysis showed that the decreased number of influenza vaccines for sale, the new update of the influenza surveillance protocol, the increase in the rate of influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 among all processed specimens from influenza-like illness (ILI) patients, and the increase in the latitude and longitude of geographic location were associated with an increase in the influenza incidence risk. After the adjusting for fixed covariate effects and time random effects, the map of the spatial structured term shows that high-risk areas clustered in the central part of China and the lowest-risk areas in the east and west. Large space-time variations in influenza have been found since 2009. In conclusion, an increasing trend of influenza was observed from 2005 to 2018. The insufficient flu vaccine supplements, the newly emerging influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 and expansion of influenza surveillance efforts might be the major causes of the dramatic changes in outbreak and spatio-temporal epidemic patterns. Clusters of prefectures with high relative risks of influenza were identified in the central part of China. Future research with more risk factors at both national and local levels is necessary to explain the changing spatiotemporal patterns of influenza in China.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatiotemporal Analysis of Influenza in China, 2005–2018

Zhang

2019

Sci Rep

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“…The issue context for this study is the recent childhood vaccine scandals in China. China has one of the highest infant vaccination rates in the world (Phillips, 2018), with diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus-(DPT), polio, and measles vaccines all reaching 99% immunization coverage (World Health Organization [WHO], 2020). However, repeated vaccine scandals have shaken Chinese parents’ confidence in vaccine safety.…”

Section: Issue Context: Vaccine Scandalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Information Seeking and Processing in the Context of Vaccine Scandals

Yang

Liu

2020

Science Communication

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This study employs the risk information seeking and processing (RISP) model to examine social cognitive variables that motivate active information seeking and systematic processing. The research context is the recent childhood vaccine scandals in China. As a novel contribution to the RISP literature, a significant interaction between relevant channel beliefs and perceived information gathering capacity is unveiled. This result suggests that both information quality and accessibility to information channels influence information seeking, which is an important finding with theoretical and practical implications for other science communication issues.

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“…While both samples were accepting of a vaccine in spite of their concerns about rapid development, U.S. respondents were concerned about efficacy, while Chinese respondents were worried about safety. While that may have been influenced by a domestic (Chinese) vaccine scandal reported around the time of the study [38,39], the difference highlights the need to tailor vaccination campaigns based on these culture differences.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perceptions and knowledge regarding the COVID-19 pandemic between U.S. and China: a mixed methods study

et al. 2022

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Background SARS-CoV-2, a new coronavirus first reported by China on December 31st, 2019, has led to a global health crisis that continues to challenge governments and public health organizations. Understanding COVID-19 knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) is key for informing messaging strategies to contain the pandemic. Cross-national studies (e.g.: comparing China to the U.S.) are needed to better understand how trans-cultural differences may drive differences in pandemic response and behaviors. The goal of the study is to compare knowledge and perceptions of COVID-19 between adults in China and the U.S. These data will provide insight into challenges these nations may face in coordinating pandemic response. Methods This is a convergent mixed methods study comparing responses from China and the U.S. to a multinational COVID-19 KAP online survey. The survey included five quantitative constructs and five open-ended questions. Chinese respondents (n = 56) were matched for gender, age, education, perceived social standing, and time of survey completion with a U.S. cohort (n = 57) drawn from 10,620 U.S. respondents. Quantitative responses were compared using T-test & Fisher-Exact tests. Inductive thematic analysis was applied to open-ended questions. Results Both U.S. and Chinese samples had relatively high intention to follow preventive behaviors overall. Differences in intended compliance with a specific recommendation appear to be driven by the different cultural norms in U.S. and China. Both groups expressed trepidation about the speed of COVID-19 vaccine development, driven by concern for safety among Chinese respondents, and concern for efficacy among U.S. respondents. The Chinese cohort expressed worries about other countries’ passive handling of the pandemic while the U.S. cohort focused on domestic responses from individuals and government. U.S. participants appeared more knowledgeable on some aspects of COVID-19. Different perspectives regarding COVID-19 origins were identified among the two groups. Participants from both samples reported high trust in health professionals and international health organizations. Conclusions Mixed methods data from this cross-national analysis suggests sociocultural differences likely influence perceptions and knowledge of COVID-19 and its related public health policies. Discovering and addressing these culturally-based differences and perceptions are essential to coordinate a global pandemic response.

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Chinese vaccine scandal unlikely to dent childhood immunization rates

Cited by 14 publications

References 1 publication

Spatiotemporal Analysis of Influenza in China, 2005–2018

Spatiotemporal Analysis of Influenza in China, 2005–2018

Information Seeking and Processing in the Context of Vaccine Scandals

Perceptions and knowledge regarding the COVID-19 pandemic between U.S. and China: a mixed methods study

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