Chinese TortrixCydia trasias(Lepidoptera: Olethreutidae): Suppression on Street-Planting Trees by Mass Trapping with Sex Pheromone Traps

Abstract

Mass trapping to control the Chinese tortrix Cydia trasias (Meyrick) by removal of males using sex pheromone traps was evaluated in three plots of Chinese scholar-trees Sophora japonica L. in Beijing, China, in 2000. The traps, baited with 0.25 mg C. trasias synthetic sex pheromone (60% E8, E10-dodecadienyl acetate (E8, E10 Ð12:Ac) and 40% E8, E10-dodecadien-1-ol (E8, E10 Ð 12:OH), were deployed in the trapping plots at a density of one trap per two trees. The trees in all plots were planted Ϸ4.5 m apart along pedestrian paths. In the trapping plot on Zhichun Road, the mating rates of caged virgin females were reduced by 70.65% and 66.48% when compared with the control plots during the overwintering-and second-generation moth ßight-period, respectively. Population densities of hibernating larvae on tree trunks during the third generation were signiÞcantly lower than those of the overwintered generation (the third generation of the previous year). Tunneled petioles caused by Þrst-and second-generation larvae were reduced by 47Ð79% and 62Ð 81%, respectively. Bored seed pods caused by third-generation larvae were reduced by 87Ð96%. Higher initial populations in the trapping plot on North Shuangyushu Road may have led to the higher observed petiole and seed pod injuries than in the other two plots during the second and third generations. Thus, male removal using sex pheromone traps is a promising means of effectively controlling C. trasias on street-planted Chinese scholar-trees.

Untitled

“…The Cd entry through the Ca channel in the leaves results in the disturbing the plant-water relationship, which causing stomatal closure in many plants, leading to lower transpiration rate, and inhibition of photosynthesis due to the adverse effects on chlorophyll metabolism (Nazar et al 2012). Zhang et al (2002) determined that there was an increment in the concentrations of K, Fe, Zn, and Cu of wheat genotypes at the seedling stage, and a reduction in the concentrations of Ca and Mg. Furthermore, many researchers reported that excess Cd increased the concentration of Zn in shoot of tomato and goldenberry (Çikili et al 2016), rape and wheat genotypes (Zembala et al 2010), lettuce seedling (Xu et al 2015), and the Ca concentration in perennial ryegrass (Chen at al 2018).…”

“…This strategy relies on species-specific synthetic chemical lures, such as sex and aggregation pheromones and food/host attractants, to attract insects to a trap where they would be confined and die (El-sayed et al 2006). Mass trapping has been used as an effective control method against a variety of pests such as the codling moth, Cydia pomonella L. (Madsen and Carty 1979), the goat moth, Coses coses L. (Faccioli et al 1993), the pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders) (Mafra Neto and Habib 1996), the Chinese tortrix, Cydia trasias (Meyrick) (Zhang et al 2002) and the leopard moth, Zeuzera pyrina Fab. (Hegazi et al 2009).…”

Potential of high‐density pheromone‐releasing microtraps for control of codling moth Cydia pomonella and obliquebanded leafroller Choristoneura rosaceana

“…Other recent studies with higher trap densities fare better. Zhang et al (2002) provide control of the Chinese tortrix Cydia trasias in urban street plantings of Chinese scholar‐trees when traps are deployed at densities equivalent to 110 ha −1 . Cork et al (2005) show that, in combination with other integrated pest management tactics, the control of a pyralid Leucinodes orbonali can be achieved using 100 traps ha −1 .…”

Effect of Trap Orientation and Interval Distance on Captures of Isoceras sibirica Alpheraky (Lepidoptera: Cossidae)

“…They are valuable tools for use in integrated pest management as they are non-toxic and do not represent a health risk to humans and animals. Indeed, the use of pheromones has been reported for a number of insect species, for such purposes as monitoring emergence patterns (Patricia et al, 2008), monitoring pest populations for management decisions (Kehat et al, 1992), assessing the levels of insecticide resistance in pest populations (Haynes et al, 1986(Haynes et al, , 1987, luring and trapping adult males to suppress pest populations (Zhang et al, 2002), and for mating disruption (Higbee et al, 2008;Il'Ichev et al, 2006;Stelinski et al, 2007).…”