“…In addition, the blended course showed promise in enriching the diverse learning outcomes of students, not only for those that could be obtained from traditional pedagogy (e.g., improving autonomous learning and teamwork), but also for the information-related aspects (e.g., information literacy, information collection and processing, and digital literacy/fluency) (Flierl & Maybee, 2020 ). It is worth noting that students were more conservative in improving their information-related abilities, which might be due to their dependent learning habits forming in a traditional face-to-face classroom for many years (Haarms et al, 2018 ; Huang et al, 2018 ; Tu, 2001 ). This implies that there is huge potential for improving the information-based literacy and abilities in PE college students in China.…”