Chinese national policy initiative for the management of childhood myopia

Jan, Catherine Lingxue; Congdon, Nathan

doi:10.1016/s2352-4642(18)30318-3

Cited by 25 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…130 Promotion of increased time outdoors is also a central part of Singapore's myopia prevention strategy, 131 and initiatives to promote time outdoors form part of mainland China's myopia prevention plan. 132,133…”

Section: Protection By Time Outdoorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similarly, in mainland China, limiting screen time in schools is being implemented to control myopia. 132,133 The current evidence implicating digital devices is sparse and far from consistent. The epidemic of myopia appeared well before the common use of electronic devices, because the prevalence of myopia was already high in Taiwan and Singapore for children born in the early 1960s, 10,37 whereas the internet did not become available to the general public until 1993.…”

Section: Use Of Computers and Smart Phonesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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IMI Risk Factors for Myopia

Morgan

Ostrin

et al. 2021

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

193

160

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Risk factor analysis provides an important basis for developing interventions for any condition. In the case of myopia, evidence for a large number of risk factors has been presented, but they have not been systematically tested for confounding. To be useful for designing preventive interventions, risk factor analysis ideally needs to be carried through to demonstration of a causal connection, with a defined mechanism. Statistical analysis is often complicated by covariation of variables, and demonstration of a causal relationship between a factor and myopia using Mendelian randomization or in a randomized clinical trial should be aimed for. When strict analysis of this kind is applied, associations between various measures of educational pressure and myopia are consistently observed. However, associations between more nearwork and more myopia are generally weak and inconsistent, but have been supported by meta-analysis. Associations between time outdoors and less myopia are stronger and more consistently observed, including by meta-analysis. Measurement of nearwork and time outdoors has traditionally been performed with questionnaires, but is increasingly being pursued with wearable objective devices. A causal link between increased years of education and more myopia has been confirmed by Mendelian randomization, whereas the protective effect of increased time outdoors from the development of myopia has been confirmed in randomized clinical trials. Other proposed risk factors need to be tested to see if they modulate these variables. The evidence linking increased screen time to myopia is weak and inconsistent, although limitations on screen time are increasingly under consideration as interventions to control the epidemic of myopia.

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Section: Protection By Time Outdoorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Use Of Computers and Smart Phonesmentioning

confidence: 99%

IMI Risk Factors for Myopia

Morgan

Ostrin

et al. 2021

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

193

160

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Policies to limit educational pressure and increase outdoor activities should be helpful, but other techniques for slowing progression, such as low-dose atropine and orthokeratology, may also be needed [26]. On August 30, 2018, the Ministry of Education, the National Health Commission, and six other ministries issued Comprehensive Program for the Prevention and Control of Short-sightedness of Children and Adolescents [27], to demonstrate that poor vision is a priority at the highest levels of government in China. Explicit target of controlling myopia will be set for each province, and provincial governments will sign a liability contract with the Ministry of Education with promises to meet that target.…”

Section: Overcoming Obstacles To Implement Hc2030mentioning

confidence: 99%

Adolescent Health and Healthy China 2030: A Review

Dong

Zou

Song

et al. 2020

Journal of Adolescent Health

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This article explores differences between the current health status of adolescents and the targets set in Healthy China 2030 (HC2030). Methods: Global and domestic policies and strategies relating to adolescent health were reviewed. Data from the Global Burden of Disease Study (1990e2016) and the Chinese National Survey on Students' Constitution and Health (1985e2014) were used to analyze time trends and geographical distributions of health indicators for adolescents aged 10e19 years in China. Results: The Chinese government has released many health policies over the past 3 decades. In this context, there has been a major decline in all-cause mortality and stunting. However, gaps between the current health status of adolescents and the targets set in HC2030 were numerous. The prevalence of obesity and poor vision increased rapidly, and few adolescents meet the physical activity and fitness targets set in HC2030. Urban/rural differences were marked for some indicators such as obesity, whereas for other indicators (e.g., stunting), there remained notable differences across provinces. Conclusions: Many long-standing health problems of adolescents have improved, but new problems related to noncommunicable disease risks have emerged and should be a prominent focus for policy action under HC2030.

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“…The prevalence of VI among China's children has been increasing, 4,6 and the Chinese government is paying more attention than ever to the vision health of children and adolescents. 7 However, to our knowledge, there has been no China-wide analysis using original data to investigate the current prevalence and its increase over time. Furthermore, no study to our knowledge has explored the association of economic development with VI in China or globally.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Visual Impairment With Economic Development Among Chinese Schoolchildren

Jan

Luo

et al. 2019

JAMA Pediatr

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IMPORTANCE Few studies have reported the association of economic growth with trends of visual impairment in schoolchildren in China or elsewhere. OBJECTIVES To describe 30-year trends and patterns in visual impairment in China and to explore the association between visual impairment and economic development. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS In this time series analysis of 7 successive cross-sectional surveys from 1985 to 2014, a total of 1 951 084 schoolchildren aged 7 to 18 years from all provinces and autonomous regions of mainland China, excluding Tibet, were studied.

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Chinese national policy initiative for the management of childhood myopia

Cited by 25 publications

References 7 publications

IMI Risk Factors for Myopia

IMI Risk Factors for Myopia

Adolescent Health and Healthy China 2030: A Review

Association of Visual Impairment With Economic Development Among Chinese Schoolchildren

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