Chinese Investment in Turkey: The Belt and Road Initiative, Rising Expectations and Ground Realities

Gürel, Burak; Kozluca, Mina

doi:10.1017/s1062798721000296

Cited by 14 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…. Chinese investment in Turkey significantly increased recent years (Gürel & Kozluca, 2022) Most recent data shows that China's total export value was US $ 2,498,569,865.64,000, total import value was US $ 2,068,950,254.60 thousand, and its trade balance was positive by US $ 429,619,611.04 thousand. China's effective tariff-weighted average (tariff) is 2.53%, and (MFN) is 3.29%.…”

Section: Economic Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Belt & Road on consensual Trade with Path to Structural Trade Model

Ramzan

Ali

Mehar

et al. 2023

JSSR

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Xi Jinping, the president of China, announced Belt and Road project. A large geographic area of the world, encompassing America, Asia, and Africa, was to be developed economically and through increased bilateral trade. BRI covers 64 per cent of the global population and 30 per cent of the international GDP. Analyses consequences of Belt and Road Initiative-driven changes to marine networks on bilateral trade movements (BRI). The gravity model approach was applied for results to study the significance of China through "Belt and Road project" (BRI) trade through various quantitative techniques, including (POLS), (FE), and applied to look at the hypothesized impact of bilateral trade of one Country with other countries. To study the importance of BRI on the two-way trade of China with 29 trading partners, panel data from 20 years (2000-2019) of data were obtained. China has a very good impact on international trade, and its GDP per capita is shown to be highly positive. The relationship between the two is very significant and positive, as indicated. Results indicate that as trade partners' countries' populations have grown, their economies have also grown.

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Section: Economic Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Belt & Road on consensual Trade with Path to Structural Trade Model

Ramzan

Ali

Mehar

et al. 2023

JSSR

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show abstract

“…This paper studies the efficiency of China's investment in "the belt and road initiative" countries and its related influencing factors. Referring to Armstrong's classical gravity model, the influencing factors are divided into natural factors and human factors [4][5].Based on the above model and research strategy, this paper will use China's OFDI flow to countries along the line as the explanatory variables, and join the explanatory variables, such as the economic scale of bilateral investment (usually expressed in GDP), geographical distance, whether there is a common border and the process of host countries, into the stochastic frontier gravity model. First of all, this paper adopts one-step regression method, and brings the inefficiency into the regression model analysis at the same time.…”

Section: Setting Of Random Frontier Gravity Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Probe into the Risks of Direct Investment in Countries along China's "the Belt and Road Initiative"

Li¹

2023

Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Bigdata Blockchain and Economy Management, ICBBEM 2023, May 19–21, 2023, Han

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In order to realize the effective allocation of international production factors and resources and build a community of interests between China and neighboring countries, a probe into the risk of China's direct investment in countries along the "the belt and road initiative" was put forward. Firstly, this paper discusses the overall situation of China's direct investment in countries along the "the belt and road initiative", and summarizes the characteristics of China's direct investment in countries along the ""from the aspects of investment location selection, industrial distribution, investment enterprises and investment methods. Secondly, referring to the traditional gravity model and production function, based on the panel data of 46 countries along the route from 2006 to 2016, a stochastic Frontier gravity model is constructed, and the full sample regression analysis is carried out by using Stata, Frontier and other software to make an empirical analysis on the factors that affect China's direct investment in countries along the route. The results show that: (1) China's direct investment in countries along the "the belt and road initiative" is developing rapidly, and the future investment trend is stable and positive; (2) The political environment of the host country and the situation of "energy saving and emission reduction" profoundly affect the efficiency and risk of China's direct investment in it. Based on the above conclusions and existing problems, this paper puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions to ensure the sustainability of the belt and road initiative.

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“…The plans to build a nuclear power plant in a fairly populated region proceeds from objective goals, where the level of increasing energy will increase in the interval up to 2040. The next factor is that this technology is not Chinese, but the result of a joint development with the American Westinghouse, the certification of which comes from the fact that power reactors are also approved in many Western countries (Gürel and Kozluca 2022).…”

Section: Nuclear Energy As a Basic Direction For Ensuring The Energy ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Nuclear and Renewable Energy in Ensuring the Energy Security of Türkiye in the Face of New Challenges of Geo-economic Development

Avanesyan

2023

J. Pol. Sci.

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The article deals with the issues of Türkiye’s energy development on the issues of non-carbon energy sources, nuclear and renewable, which over the past 20 years have become new forms of energy for the country. It is most important to consider the aspects of their inclusion in the country’s unified energy citadel, to project certain problems in the country’s internal development. Despite the strategic approach of the Turkish government on the implementation of energy federalism in terms of renewable sources, where in fact each territorial and administrative unit determines the development vectors, there are certain trends towards unification and standardization in the nuclear energy industry. All this is projected onto the geo-economic field, strengthens the course of asserting energy independence in foreign policy, and also allows control (in particular, hydrological ones) over neighboring countries. The article also examines topical issues of a social and economic nature that have a direct impact on the political conjuncture of the ruling Justice and Development Party.

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Chinese Investment in Turkey: The Belt and Road Initiative, Rising Expectations and Ground Realities

Cited by 14 publications

References 65 publications

Influence of Belt & Road on consensual Trade with Path to Structural Trade Model

Influence of Belt & Road on consensual Trade with Path to Structural Trade Model

A Probe into the Risks of Direct Investment in Countries along China's "the Belt and Road Initiative"

The Role of Nuclear and Renewable Energy in Ensuring the Energy Security of Türkiye in the Face of New Challenges of Geo-economic Development

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