Chinese Expert Recommendation for Diagnosis and Treatment of Massive Hemoptysis

Abstract

Massive hemoptysis is one of emergency and critical diseases of the respiratory system. The definition of massive hemoptysis has always been different in the literature, which often depends on the quantitative estimation of the amount of hemoptysis, such as the amount of hemoptysis being in the range of 300–600 mL within 24 h, or hemoptysis more than 3 times within 1 week. Each amount of hemoptysis that is greater than 100 mL can be considered as massive hemoptysis, but the amount of hemoptysis is difficult to accurately estimate. Therefore, massive hemoptysis can be defined as any life-threatening hemoptysis and any hemoptysis that may cause airway obstruction and asphyxia. Massive hemoptysis accounts for approximately 5% of all hemoptysis cases and usually indicates the presence of a potentially severe respiratory or systemic disease. The mortality rate of massive hemoptysis is about 6.5–38%. The cause of death is generally shock caused by airway obstruction or excessive bleeding, and asphyxia is the main cause of death. At present, due to insufficient understanding of massive hemoptysis, there are limited technical means in the etiological diagnosis and untimely or improper treatment, resulting in high mortality of massive hemoptysis. Therefore, the diagnosis and treatment of massive hemoptysis needs to be standardized.

Long-Term Outcomes of Bronchial Artery Embolization for Patients with Non-Mycobacterial Non-Fungal Infection Bronchiectasis

“…Medical records of 126 consecutive BE patients without mycobacterial or fungal infection who underwent BAE at the NHO Tokyo National Hospital between January 2011 and December 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. BAE was performed in patients with episodes of massive or non-massive but recurrent haemoptysis [1, 6]. Massive haemoptysis was defined as bloody expectoration estimated to be >300 mL within 24 h [6].…”

“…Haemoptysis is defined as the expectoration of blood from the lungs or bronchial tree and, due to asphyxia and blood loss, is a life-threatening symptom [1, 2]. Haemoptysis can also impair patient’s quality of life [3-5].…”

“…Haemoptysis can also impair patient’s quality of life [3-5]. Treatment for haemoptysis includes haemostatic agents, bronchoscopy, bronchial artery embolization (BAE), and surgery [1, 5, 6]. BAE, a minimally invasive procedure for haemoptysis, is the first-line treatment for haemoptysis patients [6].…”

A case of massive hemoptysis after radiofrequency catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation

“…PVS is defi ned as ≥20% luminal narrowing of PVs. [3] Jin et al [10] reported that when venous pressure suddenly rose for some reason, the venous dilatation or varicose formation caused by elevated pulmonary venous pressure may trigger rupture. Histological examination of PVS in patients after RFCA shows obviously thickened vein walls resulting in cardiomyocyte death followed by myofi broblast proliferation.…”

Heamocoagulase Agkistrodon on Hemostatic Effectivity on Posterior Lumbar Operation

“…Relevant animal experiments also confirmed that Hemocoagulase agkistrodon does not affect the number of prothrombin and platelets in the blood, and there is no platelet aggregation in normal blood vessels. Therefore, Hemocoagulase agkistrodon is not easy to cause thrombosis in normal blood vessels [19]. In this study, the method of preoperative intravenous administration was used to observe the effect of Hemocoagulase agkistrodon in spinal surgery.…”