Chinese citizenship ‘after orientalism’: academic narratives on internal migrants in China

Jakimów, Małgorzata

doi:10.1080/13621025.2012.698488

Cited by 16 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…In the Chinese case, the reproduction of rural-urban boundaries in education constitutes an exclusionary process that facilitates rural migrant youth's downward educational trajectory. For rural migrants who are Han Chinese, their rural origins constitute an "internal other" (Jakimów 2012). Rural culture and origins are stigmatized as signs of backwardness in a contemporary Chinese culture that positions urban culture as modern (Murphy 2004).…”

Section: Notesmentioning

confidence: 99%

China’s Rural Education: Chinese Migrant Children and Left-Behind Children

Yiu

Luo

2017

Chinese Education & Society

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This special issue focuses on the education of rural youths who have been influenced by China's rural-to-urban migration, probably among the largest in human history (UNICEF 2014, 112). In contemporary China, rural-to-urban migration has not only fueled the nation's economic boom, but also affected the lives of a significant proportion of China's children. Among the estimated 106 million children 1 impacted by migration in 2010, 35.81 million children migrated with their parents to urban areas, while 70 million were left-behind in predominately rural areas (UNICEF 2014). The rural youths who have been influenced by China's massive rural-to-urban migration face formidable challenges for socioeconomic mobility. Access to quality education is a critical component of their poor societal prospects (Kwong 2006). Migrant and left-behind children hold lower educational aspirations and are less likely to complete compulsory education (

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Section: Notesmentioning

confidence: 99%

China’s Rural Education: Chinese Migrant Children and Left-Behind Children

Yiu

Luo

2017

Chinese Education & Society

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“…This citizenship narrative is notably Western-centric and undervalues or even ignores the contexts of non-Western societies, such as China. Many scholars (Isin, 2002, 2012; Harrington, 2012; Jakimów, 2012; Guo, 2022; Wang, 2022) have convincingly shown that the orthodox consensus of citizenship studies implies an orientalist epistemology [1] as an integral component of the historical construction of modern Western citizenship. However, the orientalist assumption behind the conceptualization of citizenship has been rendered untenable by decolonial struggles, globalization and post-modernity dynamics, which have converged to promote the reimagining of citizenship at the end of the twentieth century (Isin, 2012; Guo, 2021).…”

Section: Citizenship and Citizen Making: A Culturally Contested Fieldmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beyond the state’s reach? Education and citizen making in China

Zhao,

Wang

2023

STICS

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Purpose This special issue aims to address the complexities and dynamics in contemporary China’s citizen-making processes, with a focus on the educational dimension. Design/methodology/approach The four articles in this special issue present citizen-making processes in both educational and cultural arenas. Based on the rich, first-hand data collected inside and outside China, the researchers revealed the dynamics of the educative processes, as the interplay of different mechanisms produces new understandings of citizenship practice. Findings This special issue sheds light on the rise of new types of citizens, who are emerging at the grassroots level in China, beyond the state’s strict direct regulations, along with the rise of market forces and multicultural communities in Chinese society today. Contributors to this special issue have captured an ongoing change, in that the diversified citizen-making mechanisms are, to a certain extent, mitigating the party-state’s definitive monopoly on forging citizens and are creating new spaces for individuals to develop fresh forms of political subjectivity and citizenship practice. In this sense, we argue for the unpacking of the citizen-making processes in present-day China not only from the lens of state-dominated, top-down initiatives but also from that of participatory, bottom-up initiatives performed by grassroots groups with differentiated socio-economic statuses and cultural traditions. Originality/value This special issue can be regarded as a contribution to the growing field of Chinese citizenship studies, which constitutes an integral part of the unfinished project of citizenship after orientalism.

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“…Scholars have noted the racializing characteristics inherent to the policing of rural migrants, where features such as dialect and physical appearance mark them out for disciplinary action (Alexander and Chan, 2004; Han, 2010). In what Małgorzata Jakimów (2012: 660) refers to as “internal orientalism,” a Weberian-informed conception of citizenship has taken root in China that preserves citizenship as an exclusively urban category, with those from the countryside considered noncivilized, even savage. Such conceptions were normalized in the statement of one public security officer in Beijing, who allegedly remarked that “these out-of-towners are no better than animals” (reported in a South China Morning Post article in 1991, quoted in Solinger, 1999a: 458).…”

Section: Changing State Projectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Building City Walls: Reordering the Population through Beijing’s Upside-Down Villages

Hayward

2022

Modern China

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China’s development strategies have long been premised on an institutionalized urban-rural divide, on the basis of which the population is governed. This urban-rural divide is being reconfigured as China’s relationship to the global economy transforms. As China’s leaders seek to upgrade the economy from one focused on export production to one based on urban middle-class consumers, China’s population is being reorganized. China’s largest cities are pivotal to this strategy. Branded “world cities,” as they further integrate into the global economy, they are becoming exclusive zones, their populations carefully managed and selected. In Beijing, urban villages are key sites for enacting such strategies. Under a controversial program known as “sealed management,” inhabitants are subjected to various forms of surveillance and monitoring. This constitutes a dual strategy both to control local villager populations during land expropriations and to “upgrade” the migrant labor force in keeping with the government’s global city plans.

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Chinese citizenship ‘after orientalism’: academic narratives on internal migrants in China

Cited by 16 publications

References 13 publications

China’s Rural Education: Chinese Migrant Children and Left-Behind Children

China’s Rural Education: Chinese Migrant Children and Left-Behind Children

Beyond the state’s reach? Education and citizen making in China

Building City Walls: Reordering the Population through Beijing’s Upside-Down Villages

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