Chinch Bug (Hemiptera: Blissidae) Mouthpart Morphology, Probing Frequencies, and Locations on Resistant and Susceptible Germplasm

Anderson, Wyatt G.; Heng-Moss, Tiffany; Baxendale, F. P.; Baird, Lisa; Sarath, Gautam; Higley, Leon G.

doi:10.1603/0022-0493(2006)099[0212:cbhbmm]2.0.co;2

Cited by 28 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Mandibular stylet tips were similar in shape and texture to other phytophagous pentatomid (Depieri & Panizzi ), blissid (Anderson et al. ), and coreid (Rodrigues et al. ) herbivores.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

“…; Anderson et al. ). Previous investigations in Aleyrodidae suggest a chemosensory or mechano‐sensory function for these structures (Walker & Gordh ), and although we did not establish this role in M. cribraria , through both our behavioral and morphological observations we can hypothesize a similar function in the plataspid.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Morphological studies such as these can complement EPG findings (Anderson et al. ) or can be used to highlight and identify feeding and life history constraints (Hochuli ).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mouthpart morphology and feeding behavior of the invasive kudzu bug, Megacopta cribraria (Hemiptera: Plataspidae)

Stubbins

Mitchell

Turnbull

et al. 2017

Invertebrate Biology

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The invasive kudzu bug, Megacopta cribraria, was first reported in North America in 2009 and has subsequently spread through most of the southeastern United States, causing yield loss in soybean. Since detection in the USA, research has focused mainly on managing this newly established pest, but many important characteristics of the pest's mouthpart morphology and feeding behavior are unknown. Qualitative and quantitative comparisons of nymph and adult mouthparts and sensilla were made through scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy, and feeding behavior was examined using electropenetrography (EPG) and paraffin histology. Morphologies observed were similar to what has previously been reported for other piercing–sucking hemipterans. The relationship between rostrum length and body size (pronotum width and dorsal length) exhibited negative allometry. Rostrum length exhibited an isometric relationship with interocular width. Adult females (n=9) probed soybean stems 1.3±0.8 times in 9 h, with an average probe time of 2.3±1.3 h. EPG waveforms were characterized and correlated with behavior. Salivary sheaths were shown to terminate in the vascular tissue; four of five sheaths terminated in the phloem. This is the first time that the feeding behavior of a member of the Plataspidae has been recorded using EPG. Results add to our current limited knowledge of plataspid mouthpart morphology and provide a baseline for further research on the feeding behaviors of M. cribraria and other soybean‐feeding hemipterans.

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“…Mandibular stylet tips were similar in shape and texture to other phytophagous pentatomid (Depieri & Panizzi ), blissid (Anderson et al. ), and coreid (Rodrigues et al. ) herbivores.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Mouthpart morphology and feeding behavior of the invasive kudzu bug, Megacopta cribraria (Hemiptera: Plataspidae)

Stubbins

Mitchell

Turnbull

et al. 2017

Invertebrate Biology

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“…Additional research is also needed to understand B. occiduus behavior in response to neonicotinoid exposure. Chinch bug probing location has been documented, but no studies have explored the specific feeding patterns on neonicotinoid‐treated plant tissues. Electrical penetration graphs (EPGs), would be a valuable tool to document the effects of neonicotinoid insecticides on chinch bug feeding and behavior.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of distribution and concentration of topically applied neonicotinoid insecticides in buffalograss, Buchloe dactyloides, leaf tissues on the differential mortality of Blissus occiduus under field conditions

Stamm

Heng-Moss

Baxendale

et al. 2012

Pest Management Science

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BACKGROUND: Neonicotinoid insecticides are generally efficacious against many turfgrass pests, including several important phloem‐feeding insects. However, inconsistencies in control of western chinch bugs, Blissus occiduus, have been documented in field efficacy studies. This research investigated the efficacy of three neonicotinoid insecticides (clothianidin, imidacloprid and thiamethoxam) against B. occiduus in buffalograss under field conditions and detected statistically significant differences in B. occiduus numbers among treatments. A subsequent study documented the relative quantity and degradation rate of these insecticides in buffalograss systemic leaf tissues, using HPLC. RESULTS: Neonicotinoid insecticides initially provided significant reductions in B. occiduus numbers, but mortality diminished over the course of the field studies. Furthermore, while all three neonicotinoids were present in the assayed buffalograss leaf tissues, imidacloprid concentrations were significantly higher than those of clothianidin and thiamethoxam. Over the course of the 28 day study, thiamethoxam concentrations declined 700‐fold, whereas imidacloprid and clothianidin declined only 70‐fold and 60‐fold respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Field studies continued to verify inconsistencies in B. occiduus control with neonicotinoid insecticides. This is the first study to document the relative concentrations of topically applied neonicotinoid insecticides in buffalograss systemic leaf tissues. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry

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“…In this case, the mandibles presumably help in steering, and maxillary serrations are not needed, because the animals feed on liquid food. The mandibles of plant‐feeding species are strongly serrated (Miles, ; Leopold et al ., ; Anderson et al ., ), indicating that, similar to wasps, hard substrates require large serrations. We expect that the mandibles aid in penetration, whereas maxillae nested between them have a role in steering.…”

Section: Variations On a Theme: Coping With Specific Environmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional principles of steerable multi‐element probes in insects

et al. 2018

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Hemipterans, mosquitoes, and parasitic wasps probe in a variety of substrates to find hosts for their larvae or food sources. Probes capable of sensing and precise steering enable insects to navigate through solid substrates without visual information and to reach targets that are hidden deep inside the substrate. The probes belong to non‐related taxa and originate from abdominal structures (wasps) or mouthparts (hemipterans and mosquitoes), but nevertheless share several morphological characteristics. Although the transport function clearly differs (egg laying and acquisition of liquid food), the functional demands on the mechanical behaviour of the probe within the substrate tend to be similar. The probe needs to be thin to limit substrate deformation, and long, in order to attain substantial path lengths or depths. We linked the morphology across taxa to the different functional requirements, to provide insights into the biology of probing insects and the evolution of their probes. Current knowledge of insect probes is spread over many taxa, which offers the possibility to derive general characteristics of insect probing. Buckling during initial puncturing is limited by external support mechanisms. The probe itself consist of multiple (3–6) parts capable of sliding along one another. This multi‐part construction presumably enables advancement and precise three‐dimensional steering of the probe through the substrate with very low net external pushing forces, preventing buckling during substrate penetration. From a mechanical viewpoint, a minimum of three elements is required for 3D steering and volumetric exploration, as realised in the ovipositors of wasps. More elements, such as in six‐element probes of mosquitoes, may enhance friction in soft substrates. Alternatively, additional elements can have functions other than ‘drilling’, such as saliva injection in mosquitoes. Despite the gross similarities, probes show differences in their cross sections, tip morphologies, relative lengths of their elements, and the shape of their interconnections. The hypothesis is that the probe morphology is influenced by the substrate properties, which are mostly unknown. Correlating the observed diversity to substrate‐specific functional demands is therefore currently impossible. We conclude that a multipart probe with sliding elements is highly effective for volumetric substrate probing. Shared functional demands have led to an evolutionary convergence of slender multi‐element probes in disparate insect taxa. To fully understand 3D probing, it is necessary to study the sensory and material properties, as well as the detailed kinematics and dynamics of the various probes in relation to the nature of the selective pressure originating from the species‐specific substrates. Such knowledge will deepen our understanding of probing mechanisms and may support the development of slender, bio‐inspired probes.

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Chinch Bug (Hemiptera: Blissidae) Mouthpart Morphology, Probing Frequencies, and Locations on Resistant and Susceptible Germplasm

Cited by 28 publications

References 23 publications

Mouthpart morphology and feeding behavior of the invasive kudzu bug, Megacopta cribraria (Hemiptera: Plataspidae)

Mouthpart morphology and feeding behavior of the invasive kudzu bug, Megacopta cribraria (Hemiptera: Plataspidae)

Effect of distribution and concentration of topically applied neonicotinoid insecticides in buffalograss, Buchloe dactyloides, leaf tissues on the differential mortality of Blissus occiduus under field conditions

Functional principles of steerable multi‐element probes in insects

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