China, what antibiotics and what volumes are used in food production animals?

Collignon, Peter; Voß, Andreas

doi:10.1186/s13756-015-0056-5

Cited by 59 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The country was also the world's pig and poultry producer in 2014, with 56.7 and 17.5 million tons, respectively (Liu et al, 2016). The increase in agriculture and food production in LMICs parallels what developed countries experienced over the last 100 years when income rose (Collignon and Voss, 2015). The damaging consequences of this intensification in food production has resulted in several sub-optimal practices, such as over-crowding of animals, large quantities of antibiotics consumed, and often poor hygienic measures and farming practices (Collignon and Voss, 2015).…”

Section: Current Status Of Antibiotic Resistance In the Food Chainmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…The increase in agriculture and food production in LMICs parallels what developed countries experienced over the last 100 years when income rose (Collignon and Voss, 2015). The damaging consequences of this intensification in food production has resulted in several sub-optimal practices, such as over-crowding of animals, large quantities of antibiotics consumed, and often poor hygienic measures and farming practices (Collignon and Voss, 2015). The incidence of ABR is thus undoubtedly worse in developing countries, where humans interact intimately with animals and the environment, infectious diseases rates are higher, regulations on antibiotic use, and the development, implementation, and monitoring of ABR prevention and containment measures are rare and frequently non-existent.…”

Section: Current Status Of Antibiotic Resistance In the Food Chainmentioning

confidence: 89%

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Antibiotic Resistance in the Food Chain: A Developing Country-Perspective

2016

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Antibiotics are now “endangered species” facing extinction due to the worldwide emergence of antibiotic resistance (ABR). Food animals are considered as key reservoirs of antibiotic-resistant bacteria with the use of antibiotics in the food production industry having contributed to the actual global challenge of ABR. There are no geographic boundaries to impede the worldwide spread of ABR. If preventive and containment measures are not applied locally, nationally and regionally, the limited interventions in one country, continent and for instance, in the developing world, could compromise the efficacy and endanger ABR containment policies implemented in other parts of the world, the best-managed high-resource countries included. Multifaceted, comprehensive, and integrated measures complying with the One Health approach are imperative to ensure food safety and security, effectively combat infectious diseases, curb the emergence and spread of ABR, and preserve the efficacy of antibiotics for future generations. Countries should follow the World Health Organization, World Organization for Animal Health, and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations recommendations to implement national action plans encompassing human, (food) animal, and environmental sectors to improve policies, interventions and activities that address the prevention and containment of ABR from farm-to-fork. This review covers (i) the origin of antibiotic resistance, (ii) pathways by which bacteria spread to humans from farm-to-fork, (iii) differences in levels of antibiotic resistance between developed and developing countries, and (iv) prevention and containment measures of antibiotic resistance in the food chain.

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Section: Current Status Of Antibiotic Resistance In the Food Chainmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Current Status Of Antibiotic Resistance In the Food Chainmentioning

confidence: 89%

Antibiotic Resistance in the Food Chain: A Developing Country-Perspective

2016

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“…The colibacillosis caused by E. coli is the most common avian bacterial disease worldwide (Liu, Diao, Wang, Chen, & Tang, ; Mitchell, Johnson, Johnston, Curtiss, & Mellata, ). The growing selective pressure of antimicrobial agents could facilitate the rapid spread of antimicrobial resistance genes (Collignon & Voss, ). The increasing prevalence of ESBL‐produced E. coli from avian source in China was reported since 2006.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population structure and antimicrobial resistance traits of avian‐origin mcr‐1 ‐positive Escherichia coli in Eastern China, 2015 to 2017

Zhuge

Tang

et al. 2019

Transbound Emerg Dis

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Recent emergence of mcr-1-positive Escherichia coli (MCRPEC) is causing serious concern around the world. Due to poultry-origin E. coli holding zoonotic potential, the improved understandings of MCRPEC population structure and antimicrobial resistance are critical to public health purposes. This study provided novel insights into the molecular epidemiology of avian-origin MCRPEC. For the mcr genes prevalence study, we analysed 1,360 E. coli recovered from avian colibacillosis in eastern China from 2015 to 2017. The mcr-1 was present in 172 (12.6%) E. coli isolates.For all of MCRPEC isolates, MICs of colistin were ≥4 mg/L. Avian-origin MCRPEC was widely distributed throughout phylogroups A, B1, B2, D, and F. Moreover, those isolates were assigned to 52 unique STs, such as ST48, ST117, ST131, and ST648, suggesting substantial horizontal dissemination of mcr-1 gene through avian-origin E. coli populations. The susceptibility of MCRPEC isolates was tested with 26 antimicrobial agents from 16 antimicrobial categories. There were high resistance rates of MCRPEC isolates against the clinically used antibiotics. All MCRPEC isolates in this study presented the multidrug-resistant (MDR) trait were even considered as extensively drug-resistant (XDR) strains. Resistance genotypes and plasmid replicon profiling showed that a majority of MCRPEC isolates contained plasmid-mediated resistance genes and exhibited the co-existence of mcr-1 with ESBLs and pAmpCs genes. Furthermore, the overlapped distribution of ST types and resistance gene contents was detected among MCRPEC isolates from humans and poultry. Besides mcr-1, our findings highlighted a significant prevalence of plasmid-mediated resistance genes among avian-origin MCRPEC isolates. K E Y W O R D Santimicrobial susceptibility, avian-origin MCRPEC, resistance genotypes, sequence type

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“…This pattern of antibiotic abuse is similarly observed in the livestock sector. Of the 210,000 tons of antibiotics made in China in 2006, a half was used to feed livestock for growth promotion and disease control (Collignon and Voss 2015). As the largest antimicrobial consumer for food animals, a 2015 study estimated that the Chinese livestock industry will represent onethird of antimicrobial production worldwide by 2030 (Van Boeckel 2015).…”

Section: Amr In Chinamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As China's Permanent Representative to the United Nations, Liu Jie, stated, "We are in a race against time. We need to make every moment count and intensify our 1 From information available, this suggests that high volumes of sulphonamides, tetracyclines, and fluoroquinolones (enrofloxacin, fleroxacin, and norfloxacin) are widely used in the agriculture sector in China (Collignon and Voss 2015).…”

Section: Amr In Chinamentioning

confidence: 99%

The Macrosecuritization of Antimicrobial Resistance in China

Thomas

2019

Journal of Global Security Studies

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The global spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an existential threat to humanity, one that has generated a macrosecuritizing response by states and international organizations. Since the turn of the century, China has been a source of numerous infectious disease outbreaks. It is also the origin of the MCR-1 gene, which confers resistance to colistin, a "last-line" antibiotic deployed against multidrug-resistant infections. With the largest population in the world, coupled with its status as a major supplier of agricultural produce, evaluating Chinese responses to AMR is critical to understanding the efficacy of the global response. Drawing on knowledge of both Chinese politics and health security, this article analyzes how Chinese actors have responded to the threat in the public and animal health sectors as well as the domestic and international implications of these responses. Based on interviews with key Chinese and international officials, scientists, and public health specialists, as well as farmers and consumers, we argue that the securitization of AMR in China is currently more concerned with domestic policy and resource competition than with addressing the existential health threat. Without a greater alignment of AMR strategies within China, macrosecuritizing efforts to address the threat globally cannot succeed.

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China, what antibiotics and what volumes are used in food production animals?

Cited by 59 publications

References 12 publications

Antibiotic Resistance in the Food Chain: A Developing Country-Perspective

Antibiotic Resistance in the Food Chain: A Developing Country-Perspective

Population structure and antimicrobial resistance traits of avian‐origin mcr‐1 ‐positive Escherichia coli in Eastern China, 2015 to 2017

The Macrosecuritization of Antimicrobial Resistance in China

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