There has been growing interest in populism since the election of Donald Trump and Brexit in 2016. Academic discussion of populism is, of course, not new (Ionescu and Gellner 1969).There is now an extensive literature about populisms past and present and for several parts of the world (see Mudde and Kaltwasser 2017). Recent interest in this phenomenon has been sparked by the ongoing rise of populist power -if a major facet of power is seen as populists entering governments. These successes raise the question whether the current wave of populism is part of a wider realignment of political power, perhaps beyond left and right, and if so, what the causes of this realignment are. This paper will argue that there has, indeed, been such a realignment, which will be illustrated here by reference to four countries: the United States (US), Sweden, India and China. The rationale for focusing on these four cases has been made on a number of occasions, but briefly, they can be seen as being most dissimilar cases among advanced democracies (Pontusson 2005) and among the major models -an imperfect democracy in India and an authoritarian regime in China -for developing countries (Bardhan 2010). Despite this variety, these four countries have seen advances of right-wing populist forces. This paper argues that the recent success of populism in all four countries can be attributed not -as dominant explanations would have it -to economic and cultural power, but rather primarily to political power. In particular, in all four countries, there are growing constraints on the state's provision of citizenship rights which leads to a 'my nation first' politics of 'the people' -defined exclusively -against elites, and which seeks to prioritize the rights of these 'people' within the state. The explanation builds on Mann's theory of power and his account of citizenship struggles vis-à-vis the state, extending these struggles into the 21 st century. And while this explanation applies to all four cases, there are important differences between them which, it will be argued, illuminate the wider dynamic of right-wing populism.