China’s Malleable Sovereignty along the Belt and Road Initiative: The Case of the 99-Year Chinese Lease of Hambantota Port

Carrai, Maria Adele

doi:10.2139/ssrn.3346116

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 3 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The financial investment for Nepal’s development is more from China than other countries. In 2015, Chinese Foreign Minister promised US$ 480 million for infrastructural repair under the BRI (Carrai, 2018). Since 2000 to 2017 Chinese business agencies invested around US$115 billion (Murton & Lord, 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Belt and Road Initiative as a Gateway to the Sea for Land-Locked Countries: With Reference to Nepal

Adhikari

2022

Sage Open

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This article explores the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) and its role as an agent to bind the relationship between the sea and landlocked countries, while pointing out the necessity of alternative sea access to the land-locked countries especially during situations like blockade. The BRI is a Chinese development project with five main objectives: connectivity of infrastructure, policy coordination, unimpeded trade, financial integration, and people-to-people bonds. The objective of connectivity of infrastructure is pivotal to land-locked countries and their access to the sea. The study establishes that the BRI’s proposed six corridors and one maritime route are useful for land-locked countries. Nepal is one of the landlocked countries and many times suffering from blockade from its neighboring country especially India. Therefore, this study aimed to identify whether the BRI is necessary or not to avoid the potential blockade from its neighboring countries. The study is mainly focused on the secondary data of import and export, and the impact of blockade on import and export in Nepal. Situations like blockade seriously impact countries’ export-import activities, and especially those of land-locked countries. The BRI and the Nepal-China Transit Transport Agreement have secured sea rights to Nepal via Chinese territory. The BRI provides a solution for land-locked countries against the continuing threat and problems created by blockade. Therefore, this study strongly recommend to Nepal Government to work seriously through BRI for further Nepal’s developmental process and country’s rapid economy growth in the future.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Belt and Road Initiative as a Gateway to the Sea for Land-Locked Countries: With Reference to Nepal

Adhikari

2022

Sage Open

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…116 In the Hambantota Port Development Project, Carrai refers to Hambantota Port as "A Strategic 'Pearl' Along The Maritime Silk Road". 117 In East Coast Rail Link (among others) it is said that the construction and operation of the East Coast Rail Link will serve China's strategic goals in Southeast Asia by helping to secure the delivery of Chinese goods by bypassing Singapore and the Straits of Malacca. 118 In Dolareh Container Terminal / Dolareh Multi-Purpose Port, Djibouti is stated to be the most important port in East Africa due to its strategic location at the junction of the African Horn.…”

Section: E Project Driven By Geopolitical Interestsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization (and Registration) of a “BRI Dispute”

KIRKWOOD

2023

AsianJIL

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This article explores the terms “BRI dispute” and “BRI jurisprudence”. It undertakes a practical and theoretical analysis that considers whether “BRI disputes” have distinct and visible characteristics and are capable of being identified in a legal sense. This is important since practitioners – arbitration centres and law firms – use the term broadly and without specific criteria. By exploring the customary usage and the approach of legal scholars to the term, presenting examples of “BRI disputes” and examining their unique features, and constructing a theoretical approach (utilizing the concepts of ratione materiae, ratione loci, ratione temporis, and ratione personae; and considering the jurisprudence of the ICSID), this article moves from a broad to a narrow analysis to develop both a definition and a system of registration of “BRI disputes” for use by academics, practitioners, and policymakers.

show abstract

“…The sentiments around BRI could well be considered a proxy for the general perception of Chinese foreign policy global endeavors. China has increasingly been asserting its intent to take over the leadership mantle from the United States ( The much-discussed and analyzed case of the Sri Lankan port of Hambantota, which ended up being leased to China for ninety-nine years in lieu of debt, is an example of this (Carrai 2018). If the trend of increasing economic and the resultant strategic ties between China and BRI host countries continues, it will undoubtedly have implications for the United States and other countries in the region that have uneasy relations with China, such as Australia, India, and Japan.…”

Section: Nonparticipating Countries August 2019mentioning

confidence: 99%

Global Perception of the Belt and Road Initiative: A Natural Language Processing Approach

Mokashi¹,

Jayaraman²,

Mahakul³

et al. 2022

JBDAI

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In less than seven years since the launch of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), 138 countries have signed on to the program, with by some counts 118 projects being planned. BRI is a Chinese multi-trillion-dollar global infrastructure initiative that has geopolitical implications for both the participating as well as non-participating countries. Some of the very appealing unique selling points of this initiative also make it controversial amongst its stakeholders. This variation in sentiments can be perceived in the media reporting where there is freedom of expression. In this paper, we have used sentiment analysis to gauge the variation in the stakeholder perception over time across three groups - China, participating and non-participating countries. Our analysis of 7,856 news articles has provided quantitative evidence of declining positive sentiment over time.

show abstract

China’s Malleable Sovereignty along the Belt and Road Initiative: The Case of the 99-Year Chinese Lease of Hambantota Port

Cited by 8 publications

References 3 publications

The Belt and Road Initiative as a Gateway to the Sea for Land-Locked Countries: With Reference to Nepal

The Belt and Road Initiative as a Gateway to the Sea for Land-Locked Countries: With Reference to Nepal

Characterization (and Registration) of a “BRI Dispute”

Global Perception of the Belt and Road Initiative: A Natural Language Processing Approach

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About