China's Foreign Trade and Investment, 1800-1950

Keller, Wolfgang; Shiue, Carol H.

doi:10.2139/ssrn.3658854

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Recent studies also highlight the role of modern bureaucracies, in particular the Chinese Maritime Customs Service and the Sino‐Foreign Salt Inspectorate, in promoting fiscal revenue growth (Keller & Shiue, 2020; Strauss, 2008; Van de Ven, 2014). However, the Nationalist state's tax capacity remained small, partly because many inland provinces remained under warlord rule.…”

Section: The Republican Era (1912–1949)mentioning

confidence: 99%

The state in Chinese economic history

Qian

Sng

2021

Aust Econ Hist Rev

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We survey the recent economics and history literature on the Chinese state to investigate its role in China's long‐term socioeconomic development. We highlight three insights. First, unlike in Europe, where interstate competition helped give rise to capitalist states with high capacity, the Chinese state emerged from a different historical context. Second, the 18th‐ and 19th‐century Chinese state does not fit into the mould of a strong and extractive Oriental despotic state as once commonly believed. By conventional measures, early modern China had a weak state. Third, state building and centre‐local relations are two useful dimensions to understand development and change in China's recent history and political economy. To adapt China to a changing world, Chinese state builders embarked on a long process of state building from the late‐19th century through the Republican and Communist eras. Facilitated partly by regional decentralisation, the process now sees the Chinese state playing a substantially larger role in the economy and everyday life than any previous time in history.

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Section: The Republican Era (1912–1949)mentioning

confidence: 99%

The state in Chinese economic history

Qian

Sng

2021

Aust Econ Hist Rev

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“…In 1923, China's total foreign trade was 738 million USD. To promote Finnish companies further, in 1936, the local consulate decided to publish the Finnish Bulletin for the Far East , which was particularly designed for Chinese clients (Chinese Maritime Customs, 1926 and 1932, Foreign Trade 1925 and 1930–1931; Hirvilahti & Autio, 1995: 8–11; Kauppalehti , 8 December 1926: 1–2; Keller & Shiue, 2020: 22). Finnish exports to China were mainly refined from wood products: paper (particularly newsprint), packing paper, pulp, plywood, tissue and cardboard.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forming an anti‐imperialist national identity in Republican China: The Finnish interpretation

Airaksinen

2022

Nations and Nationalism

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This article focuses on Finnish national identities because they expressed the shared experiences of newly established Finnish communities, and they were crucial in constructing a new nation. It also explores created images of the Finnish and Finland, as well as community construction in Republican China, especially after Finland gained independence in 1917. Another aim is to examine those Finnish political, cultural and economic activities that supported their identity construction in China. The specific emphasis will be on analysing the largest and sometimes cross-functioning Finnish groups in China: the governmental officials and the commercial community. By using qualitative methods, namely, discourse analysis and historical analysis, this study shows how the Finnish community created alternative, sometimes imaginative and frequently anti-imperialist national identities in the new Republican China. Indeed, by signing the Treaty Principles of Reciprocity and Equal Treatment, it was agreed that Finland and China 'shall enjoy same rights, privileges, favours, immunities and exemptions which[might] be accorded to similar foreign agents in accordance with the principles of international law'. This article argues that Finnish aspirations were positively regarded by many Chinese, and they respected this quite unique national connection with Finland.

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Green Infrastructure as Urban Melody: The Integration of Landscape Principles into Green Infrastructure Planning and Design in China and the UK

Liu

Mell²

2023

Landscape Series

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The concept of green infrastructure has gained political momentum globally and, therefore, has been rapidly introduced into planning theory, policy, and practice in the USA and Europe. Yet, it does not have a single widely recognised or accepted definition and has been adopted fluidly by various disciplines. In this chapter, discussions of green infrastructure focus on landscape architecture interpretations in both planning and design at various scales in China and the UK. The aim of this chapter is to further understand the social, economic, and ecological values of urban green infrastructure within diverse development contexts and use China as a key focus of this discussion. However, an understanding of the legacy of 'green infrastructure' planning based on UK and North American conceptualisations is critical to appreciating the nuance of application in China. The process of urbanisation has escalated rapidly in China since it opened up economically from the late 1970s onward. A significant part of this was the adoption of Western approaches to the design, building, and management of green infrastructure in the urban areas. Consequently, there has been an increase in public space, parks, riverside walks, and squares built within Chinese cities that reflect a global understanding of landscape rather than classical Chinese interpretations. The clash of styles provides an interesting lens through which to review the spatial development of green infrastructure examining how the application of Western ideas is applied in a Chinese context. This reflects on the plan-making and design of green infrastructure as well as its contribution to people's daily life, health, and well-being and the harmony

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China's Foreign Trade and Investment, 1800-1950

Cited by 3 publications

References 24 publications

The state in Chinese economic history

The state in Chinese economic history

Forming an anti‐imperialist national identity in Republican China: The Finnish interpretation

Green Infrastructure as Urban Melody: The Integration of Landscape Principles into Green Infrastructure Planning and Design in China and the UK

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