China's evolving AIDS policy: the influence of global norms and transnational non-governmental organizations

Kaufman, Joan

doi:10.1080/13569775.2012.674343

Cited by 23 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…In the course of the interview, a director of a Hong Kongbased NGO commented on the profound influence of the Round 6 on the NGO development: "Round 6 of the Global Fund acts as a pushing force for the government to involve more grassroots NGOs in HIV/AIDS interventions" (national NGO-1). In line with the respondent's opinion, Kaufman argued the Round 6 in particular "was seen by many as a further mechanism to institutionalize HIV/[AIDS] NGOs roles in China's [HIV]/AIDS response [42]. "…”

Section: Key Informant Data: Technical Influences and The Role Of Glomentioning

confidence: 89%

“…China is selected as a case study to investigate this endeavor. China's response to the HIV/AIDS problem changed from an ignorance of "global evidencebased policy recommendations and international advice" into "one of our success stories [in global HIV/AIDS fight] during this past 15 years," as claimed by Michel Sidibe, executive director of the UNAIDS [42,43]. The subsequent sections demonstrate the ways in which the securitization effort in the international level acted as a game changer for HIV/AIDS-focused NGOs in participating in national HIV/AIDS undertakings in China.…”

Section: Literature Review: Hiv/aids Securitization In the Internatiomentioning

confidence: 99%

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Securitizing HIV/AIDS: a game changer in state-societal relations in China?

2018

Global Health

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BackgroundChina has experienced unprecedented economic growth since the 1980s. Despite this impressive economic development, this growth exists side by side with the human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) crises and the persisting deficiencies in public health provision in China. Acknowledging the prevailing health problems, the Chinese government has encouraged the development of health non-governmental organizations (NGOs) to respond to the health challenges and address the gaps in public health provision of the government. HIV/AIDS-focused NGOs have been perceived as the most outstanding civil society group developed in China. Considering the low priority of health policies since the economic reform, the limitation of the “third sector” activity permitted in authoritarian China, together with the political sensitivity of the HIV/AIDS problem in the country, this article aims to explain the proliferation of HIV/AIDS-focused NGOs in China with the usage of the securitization framework in the field of international relations (IR).MethodsThe research that underpins this article is based on a desk-based literature review as well as in-depth field interviews with individuals working in HIV/AIDS-focused NGOs in China. Face-to-face interviews for this research were conducted between January and May in 2011, and between December 2016 and January 2017, in China. Discourse analysis was in particular employed in the study of the security-threat framing process (securitization) of HIV/AIDS in China.ResultsThis article argues that the proliferation of HIV/AIDS-related NGOs in China is largely attributed to the normative and technical effects of HIV/AIDS securitization ushered in by the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) and supported by the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria (hereinafter Global Fund) observed in China. Despite depicting a positive scenario, the development of HIV/AIDS-focused NGOs in China generated by the international securitization efforts is largely limited. An internal and external factor was identified to verify the argument, namely (1) the reduction of international financial commitments, as well as (2) the fragmentation of HIV/AIDS-focused NGO community in China.ConclusionsThis article shows that international securitization weakened with the rise of Chinese commitment on HIV/AIDS interventions. In other words, HIV/AIDS-related responses delivered by the national government are no longer checked by the global mechanism of HIV/AIDS; thus it is unclear whether these NGOs would remain of interest as partners for the government. The fragmentation of the HIV/AIDS community would further hinder the development, preventing from NGOs with the same interest forming alliances to call for changes in current political environment. Such restriction on the concerted efforts of HIV/AIDS-related NGOs in China would make achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to foster stronger partnerships betwee...

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Section: Key Informant Data: Technical Influences and The Role Of Glomentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Literature Review: Hiv/aids Securitization In the Internatiomentioning

confidence: 99%

Securitizing HIV/AIDS: a game changer in state-societal relations in China?

2018

Global Health

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“…In terms of political mechanisms, there are the contentious ones such as working with policy victims and 'naming and shaming' the Chinese authorities, and exposing China's policy failures, inadequacies and frauds, versus the cooperative and persuasive ones usually via joint projects, technical support and dialogues (Table 5) (Chan, 2006;Economy and Oksenberg, 1999;Johnston, 2008;Kaufman, 2012;Kent, 2007;Morton, 2006;Wu, 2011). Regarding venues, there are the official bilateral and multilateral inter-governmental ones, versus non-governmental centered ones such as transnational advocacy networks and epistemic communities.…”

Section: Interface Between Domestic Policy Implementation and Global mentioning

confidence: 99%

China's Marine Fishery and Global Ocean Governance

Zhang

2017

Global Policy

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This paper first examines two most significant structural shifts in China's marine fishery sector in the past decades, namely, expanding outward and going after high market value species. It then explains how domestic policies and development strategies have shaped the trajectory of China's marine fishery sector, and analyzes the obstacles rooted in both domestic socio‐political settings and global governance that have impeded policy reform and effective enforcement in China to ensure marine sustainability and international cooperation. Lastly, the paper explores possible options for transnational advocacy actors that are concerned with the global impact of China's growing fisheries.

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“…After first denying the epidemic -China's first case of AIDs was diagnosed in a South American tourist in 1985, -China's response was to stigmatize people living with HIV. It was in 2004 that the AIDs policy changed to one of strong national leadership and commitment of substantial domestic resources (Kaufman 2010(Kaufman , 2012. Then, the State Council adopted a national intervention plan for the prevention and control of AIDS.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nurturing compassion through care-giving and care-receiving: the changing moral economy of AIDs in China

Kuah-Pearce

Guiheux

2014

Anthropology & Medicine

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Based on the case study of an Aids clinic operated in Nanning by MSF, this paper looks at how one international NGO, Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF, or Doctors Without Borders), deals with the HIV-carrier patients in Nanning, the capital of Guangxi province in China. It explores the process of care-giving to the HIV patients by MSF employees (both foreign and local) and how the patients react to the 'care-receiving' provided by this foreign NGO. This is especially pertinent in China today as HIV-patients are the victims of discriminating policies and are still very much discriminated by the general population. MSF, viewed by the victims as a foreign NGO, is regarded as an organization seen as promoting a changing and compassionate attitude toward AIDs patients through their anonymous and non-discriminating practices. Through the practices and the discourse of MSF workers and the testimonies of the patients, this paper looks at how the moral economy of AIDs is evolving from a repressive and discriminative attitude towards the compassionate attention to individual suffering. As such, MSF, through its actions, is seen as one of the agents promoting attitudinal changes toward disadvantaged groups and is facilitating the emergence of an emotional and compassionate subject.

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China's evolving AIDS policy: the influence of global norms and transnational non-governmental organizations

Cited by 23 publications

References 19 publications

Securitizing HIV/AIDS: a game changer in state-societal relations in China?

Securitizing HIV/AIDS: a game changer in state-societal relations in China?

China's Marine Fishery and Global Ocean Governance

Nurturing compassion through care-giving and care-receiving: the changing moral economy of AIDs in China

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