China's distant‐water fisheries in the 21st century

Pauly, Daniel; Belhabib, Dyhia; Blomeyer, Roland; Cheung, William; Cisneros‐Montemayor, Andrés M.; Copeland, Duncan; Harper, Sarah; Lam, Vicky W. Y.; Mai, Yining; Manach, Frédéric Le; Österblom, Henrik; Mok, Ka Man; Meer, Liesbeth van der; Sanz, Antonio Vicente Martínez; Shon, Soohyun; Sumaila, U. Rashid; Swartz, Wilf; Watson, Reg; Zhai, Yunlei; Zeller, Dirk

doi:10.1111/faf.12032

Cited by 164 publications

(124 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Given the conservative nature of this estimate, we extrapolated year long and estimated a number of 52 vessels in 2014. This number was multiplied by a CPUE of 1,200 t•boat −1 •year −1 , which is the minimum an illegal trawler catches to cover its operation costs (Pauly et al, 2014;Belhabib et al, 2015b). We assumed the illegal catch was constant between 2014 and 2015 and interpolated linearly between the estimate in 2010 (18,000 t), provided by Belhabib and Pauly (2015) for Guinea Bissau.…”

Section: Guinea Bissaumentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the Effectiveness of Monitoring Control and Surveillance of Illegal Fishing: The Case of West Africa

Doumbouya¹,

Camara²,

Mamie³

et al. 2017

Front. Mar. Sci.

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This paper assesses illegal fishing in West Africa, one of the regions most affected by Illegal, Unreported, and Unregulated fishing (IUU) in the world. The catch, the economic loss and the amount recovered through Monitoring, Control, and Surveillance (MCS) are calculated based on a reconstruction method, and the information made available through national MCS units, between 2010 and 2016 in an effort to assess the effectiveness of surveillance efforts in the region. Results show considerable loss of revenues for Mauritania, Senegal, The Gambia, Guinea Bissau, Guinea, and Sierra Leone, estimated at 2.3 billion USD annually, while a minimal amount of 13 million USD is recovered through MCS. In addition, this paper finds that countries touched by the Ebola crisis (Guinea and Sierra Leone) drive a tremendous increase in the loss generated by illegal fishing. However, further analysis shows that the overall severity of illegal fishing, as defined by a range of types investigated here, declines as the fines against the most severe forms of IUU fishing increase. Finally this study finds that Sierra Leone and The Gambia have the highest scoring MCS systems, and were the countries where the most offenders are caught and charged with the highest fines, while Senegal's new legislations which improved MCS during 2015 does not appear to show on the scoring results. This study finds that illegal fishing amounts the equivalent of 65% of the legal reported catch from West Africa and poses serious concern for food security, and the economy in the region.

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Section: Guinea Bissaumentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the Effectiveness of Monitoring Control and Surveillance of Illegal Fishing: The Case of West Africa

Doumbouya¹,

Camara²,

Mamie³

et al. 2017

Front. Mar. Sci.

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“…The Chinese modified their catch reports (∼10%) in response (42), but, even with these adjustments, catch from China often exceeds the combined catches of the next three largest fishing countries. It has also been suggested that China reports catches taken in other countries' waters as their own, artificially buoying Chinese catches (43,44), but it is difficult to explain why catch for some (often smaller, lower-value) species have increased while other (often larger, higher-value) species decreased if the catches are coming from other waters. Fishers generally target larger, high-value species when developing new fisheries (45).…”

Section: China's Fisheriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

High fishery catches through trophic cascades in China

Szuwalski

Burgess

Costello

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

120

114

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Indiscriminate and intense fishing has occurred in many marine ecosystems around the world. Although this practice may have negative effects on biodiversity and populations of individual species, it may also increase total fishery productivity by removing predatory fish. We examine the potential for this phenomenon to explain the high reported wild catches in the East China Sea-one of the most productive ecosystems in the world that has also had its catch reporting accuracy and fishery management questioned. We show that reported catches can be approximated using an ecosystem model that allows for trophic cascades (i.e., the depletion of predators and consequent increases in production of their prey). This would be the world's largest known example of marine ecosystem "engineering" and suggests that trade-offs between conservation and food production exist. We project that fishing practices could be modified to increase total catches, revenue, and biomass in the East China Sea, but single-species management would decrease both catches and revenue by reversing the trophic cascades. Our results suggest that implementing single-species management in currently lightly managed and highly exploited multispecies fisheries (which account for a large fraction of global fish catch) may result in decreases in global catch. Efforts to reform management in these fisheries will need to consider system wide impacts of changes in management, rather than focusing only on individual species. ecosystem management | China | fisheries | trophic cascades | food security G lobally, marine ecosystems produced 81.5 million tons of wild-capture seafood during the year 2014, which provided 17% of the animal protein in the diet of the average global citizen (1). Societies around the globe use a range of methods to manage fisheries to ensure they continue to produce seafood. In closely managed systems like the United States and Europe, management is often based on identifying maximum sustainable yield for an individual species or population, which attempts to ensure that all species are protected (2). Single-species management was adopted at least partially in response to the observation that overfishing appeared to be occurring for some populations; single-species management has been successful in curbing overfishing in many cases (2). However, other fisheries around the world are managed using measures (e.g., seasonal or spatial closures) that do not afford focused protection for individual species. Areas of the world with minimal management measures in place and intense fishing (e.g., much of the Asia-Pacific region) continue to produce a large fraction of the world's seafood without the protection of singlespecies management (1). A potential (but sometimes undiscussed) reason for high productivity in minimally managed marine ecosystems is the existence of trophic cascades. Trophic cascades can occur when larger predatory fish are removed from the system by fishing and the productivity of their prey consequently increases, which then all...

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“…In FAO region 71 (western central Pacific), only 12 % of China's landings were allocated to the Chinese EEZ. However, Chinese landings from FAO 71 were likely to be significantly underreported (Pauly et al 2013a), probably due to mis-reporting to FAO rather than an error in catch allocation. Since China's score was zero, reflecting landings that were over 200 % of the reference point, higher landings would likely still result in a lower score.…”

Section: Spatial Mapping Of Landingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring Patterns of Seafood Provision Revealed in the Global Ocean Health Index

Kleisner

Longo

Coll

et al. 2013

AMBIO

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Sustainable provision of seafood from wildcapture fisheries and mariculture is a fundamental component of healthy marine ecosystems and a major component of the Ocean Health Index. Here we critically review the food provision model of the Ocean Health Index, and explore the implications of knowledge gaps, scale of analysis, choice of reference points, measures of sustainability, and quality of input data. Global patterns for fisheries are positively related to human development and latitude, whereas patterns for mariculture are most closely associated with economic importance of seafood. Sensitivity analyses show that scores are robust to several model assumptions, but highly sensitive to choice of reference points and, for fisheries, extent of time series available to estimate landings. We show how results for sustainable seafood may be interpreted and used, and we evaluate which modifications show the greatest potential for improvements.

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China's distant‐water fisheries in the 21st century

Cited by 164 publications

References 37 publications

Assessing the Effectiveness of Monitoring Control and Surveillance of Illegal Fishing: The Case of West Africa

Assessing the Effectiveness of Monitoring Control and Surveillance of Illegal Fishing: The Case of West Africa

High fishery catches through trophic cascades in China

Exploring Patterns of Seafood Provision Revealed in the Global Ocean Health Index

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