China’s Demographic History and Future Challenges

Peng, Xinjun

doi:10.1126/science.1209396

Cited by 384 publications

(241 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…On the other hand, human disturbance in the plains is more significant. This result is consistent with the findings of Zhang et al [50]. For example, cropland expansion around isolated wetlands has resulted in the fragmentation of habitats of endangered plants.…”

Section: Threatened Plant Biodiversity Conservation: Problems and Recsupporting

confidence: 83%

Threatened Plants in China’s Sanjiang Plain: Hotspot Distributions and Gap Analysis

Zheng²,

Liu

et al. 2018

Sustainability

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Abstract:Global biodiversity is markedly decreasing in response to climate change and human disturbance. Sanjiang Plain is recognized as a biodiversity hotspot in China due to its high forest and wetland coverage, but species are being lost at an unprecedented rate, induced by anthropogenic activities. Identifying hotspot distributions and conservation gaps of threatened species is of particular significance for enhancing the conservation of biodiversity. Specifically, we integrated the principles and methods of spatial hotspot inspection, geographic information system (GIS) technology and spatial autocorrelation analysis along with fieldwork to determine the spatial distribution patterns and unprotected hotspots of vulnerable and endangered plants in Sanjiang Plain. A gap analysis of the conservation status of vulnerable and endangered plants was conducted. Our results indicate that six nationally-protected plants were not observed in nature reserves or were without any protection, while the protection rates were <10% for 10 other nationally-protected plants. Protected areas (PAs) cover <5% of the distribution areas for 31 threatened plant species, while only five species are covered by national nature reserves (NNRs) within >50% of the distribution areas. We found 30 hotspots with vulnerable and endangered plants in the study area, but the area covered by NNRs is very limited. Most of the hotspots were located in areas with a high-high aggregation of plant species. Therefore, it is necessary to expand the area of existing nature reserves, establish miniature protection plots and create new PAs and ecological corridors to link the existing PAs. Our findings can contribute to the design of a PA network for botanical conservation.

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Section: Threatened Plant Biodiversity Conservation: Problems and Recsupporting

confidence: 83%

Threatened Plants in China’s Sanjiang Plain: Hotspot Distributions and Gap Analysis

Zheng²,

Liu

et al. 2018

Sustainability

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“…In terms of epidemiology, the wild prevalence of HIV/AIDS has often been associated with the the movement of people, especially, the movement of infected persons. For example, in China, internal migrants exceeds 260 million [13] and the size of this population is expected to continue to grow. The whole migration process offers ready environment to transport the HIV/AIDS disease from one place to another and vulnerability of migrants may end up with certain HIV/AIDS related risky behaviors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal Control of an HIV/AIDS Epidemic Model with Infective Immigration and Behavioral Change

Mastahun¹,

Abdurahman²

2017

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In order to find out the effect of human (sexual) behavior change and immigration in spreading the HIV/AIDS, a deterministic model of HIV/AIDS with infective immigration is formulated. First, basic properties of the model, including non-negativity and boundedness of the solutions, existence of the endemic equilibrium and the basic reproduction number, 0  are analyzed. The geometrical approach is used to obtain the global asymptotic stability of endemic equilibrium. Then the basic model is extended to include several control efforts aimed at reducing infection and changing behavior. Pontryagin's maximum principle is used to derive the optimality system and solve the system numerically. Our numerical findings are illustrated through simulations using MATLAB, which shows reliability of our model from the practical point of view.

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“…The proportion is 16% if migrants are excluded (Peng, 2011). The aging process of urban areas eased because of migration inflows.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

China’s family planning policies and their labor market consequences

Wang

Zhao

2016

J Popul Econ

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Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen:Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden.Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen.Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. The Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) in Bonn is a local and virtual international research center and a place of communication between science, politics and business. IZA is an independent nonprofit organization supported by Deutsche Post Foundation. The center is associated with the University of Bonn and offers a stimulating research environment through its international network, workshops and conferences, data service, project support, research visits and doctoral program. IZA engages in (i) original and internationally competitive research in all fields of labor economics, (ii) development of policy concepts, and (iii) dissemination of research results and concepts to the interested public. Terms of use: Documents in D I S C U S S I O N P A P E R S E R I E S China's Family Planning Policies and Their Labor Market ConsequencesIZA Discussion Papers often represent preliminary work and are circulated to encourage discussion. Citation of such a paper should account for its provisional character. A revised version may be available directly from the author. . This paper systematically examines the labor market consequences of China's family planning policies. First, we briefly review the major historical evolution of China's family planning policies. Second, we investigate the effects of these policies on the labor market, focusing on the size and quality of the workingage population and its age and gender composition and paying special attention to regional as well as rural-urban differences in the demographic structure resulting from the interaction of the family planning policies and internal migration. Last, we discuss undergoing and prospective policy changes and potential consequences. Though urban areas and coastal provinces have implemented stricter family planning policies, our analysis shows that because of internal migration, the aging problem is more severe in rural areas and in inland provinces. Our simulation results further indicate that the new two-child policy may be too late and too little to alleviate the aging problem in China.JEL Classification: J13, J11, J21, J61

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China’s Demographic History and Future Challenges

Cited by 384 publications

References 17 publications

Threatened Plants in China’s Sanjiang Plain: Hotspot Distributions and Gap Analysis

Threatened Plants in China’s Sanjiang Plain: Hotspot Distributions and Gap Analysis

Optimal Control of an HIV/AIDS Epidemic Model with Infective Immigration and Behavioral Change

China’s family planning policies and their labor market consequences

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