China's building energy efficiency and urbanization

CO2 emissions of China's commercial and residential buildings: Evidence and reduction policy

“…Intuitively, there are higher demand for energy services in buildings with large population. From another perspective, POP might be an important driving force of the increases in urban building energy-related CO 2 emissions in the future given China's urbanization process, during which a lot of people would migrate from rural to urban areas [20].…”

“…CO 2 from fossil fuel combustion accounts for nearly 60% of the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and has been widely regarded as the leading contributor to climate change [18,19]. China became the biggest CO 2 emitter in the world in 2008, due to its rapid industrialization and urbanization, out of which the building sector contributes about 1/3 of its total energy consumption and results in about 30%e40% of total CO 2 emissions [20,21]. Furthermore, China's urbanization rate might increase to 70% by 2030, indicating that about 300 million people would migrate to urban areas [22].…”

“…La Rosa et al carried out an environmental analysis for buildings applications and they found the environmental performance to be lower when eco-sandwich is used [34]. Lin and Liu estimated the energy conservation potential in China's buildings and measured the rebound effect of energy efficiency in China's residential buildings [20,35]. Sun et al analyzed the characteristics of target policies in terms of low-carbon emissions from buildings in China and proposed a policy scheme from 2015 to 2050, considering the factors of different buildings, stages and policies [36].…”

China Building Energy Consumption: Definitions and Measures from an Operational Perspective

“…Energy consumption of buildings has come into focus all over the world, especially in China, where population and urbanization have been increasing demand for building and energy continuously during the last three decades. It is equivalent to the total energy consumption in the Middle East, twice as much as the consumption in Africa, and equals the total consumption of Japan and South Korea combined [4]. It follows that the BEC is one of the major contributors to domestic energy shortages in China, as well as to global environmental externality.…”

Situations and challenges of household energy consumption in Chinese small towns

“…At present, research has been largely focused on the building energy consumption in large cities and rural areas, the information of household energy consumption in small town is lacking [8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. Only a few small-scale surveys conducted many years ago were available to provide historical data of energy consumption in some small towns [15][16][17][18][19][20][21].…”