Chin Ptosis: Classification, Anatomy, and Correction

Garfein, Evan S.; Zide, Barry M.

doi:10.1055/s-0028-1098968

Cited by 22 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 14 publications

(14 reference statements)

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“…The chin's overall contour depends on the bony shape and soft tissue. The mentalis originates from the mandible in a tree‐like fashion opposite the incisors’ roots; it compresses the chin against the anterior mandible, directly elevates the chin, and indirectly elevates the lower lip as well …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Auxiliary usage of botulinum toxin A in plastic surgery in China

Sun

Shen

et al. 2020

J of Cosmetic Dermatology

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Background: Currently, botulinum toxin A (BTA) is mainly used in the treatment of muscle spasms and in cosmetic procedures, and its cosmetic indications are expanding rapidly. There have been sporadic reports focused on the preoperative usage of BTA complementing plastic surgery. We briefly summarize the current experience of BTA complementing plastic surgery in China based on clinical experience. Methods:We reported a brief review of the preoperative use of BTA as an accessory to plastic surgery (blepharoplasty, chin augmentation, mandibular angle ostectomy, rhinoplasty, hyaluronic acid fillers injection for wrinkle reduction) based on previous studies and our experience.Results: Preoperative treatment with BTA in plastic surgery helps surgeons operate and results in better cosmetic results. Conclusions:Preoperative BTA treatment can reduce the occurrence of surgical complications as well as improve the surgical results in some plastic surgeries. The procedure is suitable for clinical application and worth promoting. K E Y W O R D Sbotulinum toxin A, cosmetic surgery, preoperative

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Auxiliary usage of botulinum toxin A in plastic surgery in China

Sun

Shen

et al. 2020

J of Cosmetic Dermatology

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“…Rahpeyma and Khajeahmadi recommend the use of bone sutures to secure the soft tissue flap 5 . The reattachment of the mentalis muscle is paramount in order to avoid loss of mentalis muscle support, leading to labial incompetence or even chin ptosis 12,13 . When the wound is severely contaminated, sutures should be placed loosely to allow wound drainage.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5 The reattachment of the mentalis muscle is paramount in order to avoid loss of mentalis muscle support, leading to labial incompetence or even chin ptosis. 12,13 When the wound is…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Undiagnosed mandibular degloving following dental trauma

Mendes

Vaysse

Courtois

et al. 2020

Dental Traumatology

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Injuries of the maxillofacial area are some of the most common traumatic injuries among the paediatric population. 1 Trauma can affect the teeth, mainly the maxillary incisors, and also the soft tissues of the face and mouth. The upper lip is most often affected by the impact, but injuries of the lower lip are also frequent. 2 In some cases, when the impact takes place on the chin or lower jaw, a shearing force can be applied to the soft tissues overlying the mandible, stripping them from the bone and causing a mental or chin degloving injury. 3 The mental protuberance degloving is similar to a full-thickness flap used, among other things, for genioplasty. For this procedure, the incision line is made in the lower labial mucosa, at about 1.5 cm from the sulcus line, from the lower right canine to the lower left canine. 4 A traumatic injury leading to mental degloving is an unusual consequence of facial trauma. Its occurrence and management have seldom been described in the literature. A search of the main databases Medline, Google Scholar and Lilacs using the keywords "chin OR mental OR mandibular AND degloving" resulted in 34 articles. Of those articles, only seven 3,5-10 described this condition as the consequence of trauma. This injury is most commonly found in young patients. Among the seven case reports found, six involved children and the remaining one described a degloving injury of the mandible in a young adult. 10 As this type of wound is uncommon and patients seldom present with marked clinical symptoms, it can often go unnoticed if a meticulous inspection of the oral cavity is not performed. This can lead to a delay in treatment, which will compromise healing and expose the patient to infectious complications. This report describes a rare case of mandibular degloving in a young patient who suffered a delay in diagnosis and treatment despite several intraoral examinations. The purpose of this article is to increase awareness of this type of injury among practitioners, so that they are attentive to oral mucosal injuries following facial trauma.

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“…It originates from the anterior mandible at the level below the attached gingiva and is attached to the skin of the chin. Usually these two muscles are separated, and some fat may lie between their separate origins [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. The mentalis muscle elevates soft tissue of the mentum area and supports the proper position and movement of the lower lip.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effective Locations for Injecting Botulinum Toxin into the Mentalis Muscle; Cadaveric and Ultrasonographic Study

Choi

Bae

et al. 2021

Toxins

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The mentalis muscle is now considered key structures when performing procedures for rejuvenating the lower face. The aim of this study was to determine the anatomical morphology and location of the mentalis muscle and thereby provide anatomical information for facilitating clinical procedures designed to rejuvenate the lower face. Forty-four adult hemifaces from five Thai cadavers and 21 Korean cadavers were dissected to identify the locations of the mentalis muscle. Sixty-six hemifaces from 33 healthy young Korean subjects were included in an ultrasonographic study. The depth of the mentalis muscle below the skin surface, the thickness of the mentalis muscle, and the distance from the bone to the mentalis muscle were measured at the two points that were 5 mm lateral to the most-prominent point of the chin. The mentalis muscle was classified into two types based to its shape: in type A (86.4%, 38 of the 44 cases) it was dome shaped in three dimensions, while in type B (13.6%, 6 of the 44 cases) it was flat. The mentalis muscle was present mostly at the area 5–10 mm from the midsagittal line and 20–30 mm from a horizontal line connecting the mouth corners. The mentalis muscle was present between depths of 6.7 to 10.7 mm below the skin. This new information about the location of the mentalis muscle may help when identifying the most effective and safe botulinum toxin injection points and depths during esthetic procedures for weakened facial rhytides on the lower face.

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Chin Ptosis: Classification, Anatomy, and Correction

Cited by 22 publications

References 14 publications

Auxiliary usage of botulinum toxin A in plastic surgery in China

Auxiliary usage of botulinum toxin A in plastic surgery in China

Undiagnosed mandibular degloving following dental trauma

Effective Locations for Injecting Botulinum Toxin into the Mentalis Muscle; Cadaveric and Ultrasonographic Study

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