Chimpanzees: Joint Visual Attention

Povinelli, Daniel J.; Eddy, Timothy J.

doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.1996.tb00345.x

Cited by 254 publications

(203 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…It is telling in this regard that of all primates the human eye is the most conspicuous (Kobayashi & Kohshima, 2001), that human beings pay automatic attention to eye gaze (e.g., Friesen & Kingstone, 2003), and that deficits in joint attention are associated with the autism syndrom (e.g., Baron-Cohen, Wheelwright, & Jolliffe, 1997;Senju, Yaguchi, Tojo, & Hasegawa, 2003). Empirical evidence also suggests that Theory of Mind and joint attention phenomena generalize to communication in other species (e.g., Povinelli & Eddy, 1996) and to inter-species communication (e.g., Hare & Tomasello, 2005 To the best of our knowledge, only three recent studies are relevant to this issue. These studies all involved evaluative measures of stimuli previously associated with human faces whose eye gaze orientation toward stimuli varied.…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liking products by the head of a dog: Perceived orientation of attention induces valence acquisition

Corneille

Mauduit

Holland

et al. 2009

Journal of Experimental Social Psychology

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Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liking products by the head of a dog: Perceived orientation of attention induces valence acquisition

Corneille

Mauduit

Holland

et al. 2009

Journal of Experimental Social Psychology

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“…Thus, in a series of studies, we experimentally investigated the gazefollowing abilities of chimpanzees (see Povinelli & Eddy, 1996a, Experiment 12;Povinelli & Eddy, 1996bPovinelli, Bierschwale & Č ech, 1999). Our results provided the first experimental evidence that not only do chimpanzees follow gaze, they do so with the sophistication exhibited by 18-month-old human infants (see Figure 2).…”

Section: Gaze-followingmentioning

confidence: 66%

“…Over the past six years we have undertaken a major effort to determine whether chimpanzees know that others have visual or other kinds of attentional experiences in the kinds of natural scenarios just described (Povinelli & Eddy, 1996a, 1996bPovinelli, 1996;Reaux, Theall & Povinelli, 1999;. In the process of doing so, we have attempted to isolate some of the factors that control when chimpanzees will deploy this visually-based gesture.…”

Section: Understanding Seeingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward a science of other minds: escaping the argument by analogy

2000

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Since Darwin, the idea of psychological continuity between humans and other animals has dominated theory and research in investigating the minds of other species. Indeed, the field of comparative psychology was founded on two assumptions. First, it was assumed that introspection could provide humans with reliable knowledge about the causal connection between specific mental states and specific behaviors. Second, it was assumed that in those cases in which other species exhibited behaviors similar to our own, similar psychological causes were at work. In this paper. we show how this argument by analogy is flawed with respect to the case of second-order mental states. As a test case, we focus on the question of how other species conceive of visual attention, and in particular whether chimpanzees interpret seeing as a mentalistic event involving internal states of perception, attention, and belief. We conclude that chimpanzees do not reason about seeing in this manner, and indeed, there is considerable reason to suppose that they do not harbor representations of mental states in general. We propose a reinterpretation model in which the majority of the rich social behaviors that humans and other primates share in common emerged long before the human lineage evolved the psychological means of interpreting those behaviors in mentalistic terms. Although humans, chimpanzees, and most other species may be said to possess mental states, humans alone may have evolved a cognitive specialization for reasoning about such states.

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“…However, studies on animals' abilities to co-orient and exploit non-self-directed gaze have been limited to a few species: primarily primates, but also domestic dogs and horses (Anderson, Sallaberry & Barbier, 1995;Itakura, 1996;McKinley & Sambrook, 2000;Miklosi, Polgárdi, Topál & Csanyi, 1998;Povinelli & Eddy, 1996a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of human visual attention cues by olive baboons (Papio anubis) in a competitive task.

Vick¹,

Anderson²

2003

Journal of Comparative Psychology

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The ability of four olive baboons (Papio anubis) to use human gaze cues during a competitive task was investigated; the baboons were allowed to remove only the non-fixated one of two simultaneously presented food items. Three baboons successfully learned to exploit the human's head orientation as a cue to obtain a food item, and one individual also learned to use eye direction alone. As the baboons did not receive prior training with gross gestural cues, their performance suggests that the competitive paradigm may be more conducive to gaze monitoring in nonhuman primates than the standard objectchoice paradigm. However, the baboons were insensitive to whether the experimenter could actually perceive the food item and therefore use of visual orientation cues may not be indicative of visual perspective-taking abilities in baboons. Performance was disrupted by the introduction of a screen and objects to conceal the food items, and to a lesser degree by the absence of movement in cues presented.

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Chimpanzees: Joint Visual Attention

Cited by 254 publications

References 26 publications

Liking products by the head of a dog: Perceived orientation of attention induces valence acquisition

Liking products by the head of a dog: Perceived orientation of attention induces valence acquisition

Toward a science of other minds: escaping the argument by analogy

Use of human visual attention cues by olive baboons (Papio anubis) in a competitive task.

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