Chimeroid Associations in the Genus <i>Peltigera</i>

Brodo, Irwin M.; Richardsont, D. H. S.

doi:10.1017/s0024282978000274

Cited by 39 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…This is also in agreement with field studies conducted by Brodo and Richardson (1978), Ott (1988), and Poelt (1986).…”

Section: Interactions Of the Biontssupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Typically, these photomorphs live independently, or they combine into a single thallus, a photosymbiodeme ( Fig. 1; also referred to as phycosymbiodeme, morphotype pairs, lichen chimera or chimeroid association ;James 1975;Brodo and Richardson 1978;Renner 1982;Tønsberg and Holtan-Hartwig 1983;Tønsberg and Goward 2001). The different phenotypes have occasionally led to the establishment of a different genus to describe the free-living cyanomorph of Lobaria and Sticta, for instance, viz.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Culture experiments and DNA sequence data confirm the identity ofLobariaphotomorphs

Stenroos¹,

Stocker-Wörgötter²,

Yoshimura³

et al. 2003

Can. J. Bot.

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Lichens consist of a fungal component that associates with either a green alga or cynobacterium, resulting in diverse morphologies. Resynthesis experiments of isolated myco-and photobionts, as well as internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rDNA phylogenies, suggest that the notoriously dissimilar photomorphs of Lobaria fendleri (Tuck. ex Mont.) Lindau and Lobaria amplissima (Scop.) Forss. both have a single mycobiont, which can simultaneously lichenize two unrelated photobionts, a eukaryote and a prokaryote. In the phylogenetic analyses, the genera Sticta and Durietzia appear monophyletic; whereas Lobaria and Pseudocyphellaria are both nonmonophyletic. Furthermore, the phylogenetic relationships of Durietzia, Lobarina, and Sticta relative to Lobaria and Pseudocyphellaria are in need of re-evaluation. Résumé: Les lichens sont constitués d'une composante fongique associée avec soit une algue verte ou soit une cyanobactérie, ce qui conduit à diverses morphologies. Des expériences de resynthèse à partir de myco-et de phytobiontes, ainsi que l'analyse phylogénétique basée sur le rADN d'ITS, suggèrent que le Lobaria fendleri (Tuck. ex Mont.) Lindau et le Lobaria amplissima (Scop.) Forss. ont en commun un seul mycobionte, lequel peut simultanément lichéni-ser deux photobiontes sans relations, un eucaryote et un procaryote. Selon les analyses phylogénétiques, les genres Sticta et Durietzia seraient monophylétiques alors que les Lobaria et Pseudocyphellari seraint monophylétiques. De plus, les relations phylogénétiques des Durietzia, Lobarina, et Sticta par rapport aux Lobaria et Pseudocyphellaria nécessitent une ré-évaluation.

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“…This is also in agreement with field studies conducted by Brodo and Richardson (1978), Ott (1988), and Poelt (1986).…”

Section: Interactions Of the Biontssupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Culture experiments and DNA sequence data confirm the identity ofLobariaphotomorphs

Stenroos¹,

Stocker-Wörgötter²,

Yoshimura³

et al. 2003

Can. J. Bot.

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“…Green initiation stages differentiated directly on a cyanobacterial layer now covering the soil substrate or emerged marginally from cyanobacterial lobules formed by the lichen fungus with cyanobacteria. The fact that in our cultures green primordia differentiated from cyanobacterial lobules or a cyanobacterial crust agrees very well with field observations of Brodo and Richardson (1978) with P. britannica and by Ott (1988) with P. verzosa.…”

Section: Peltigera Leucophlebia Mycobiontsupporting

confidence: 91%

Experimental cultivation of lichens and lichen symbionts

Stocker-Wörgötter¹

1995

Can. J. Bot.

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Culture experiments with lichens and lichen symbionts are helpful for giving answers to many open questions in different fields of modern lichenology. Cultures are especially required for investigations where the analysis of naturally grown thalli is inconclusive and more standardized research material is needed. In the first part a short review of the artificial resynthesis of the cyanobacterial Peltigera praetextata along with new results obtained by the culture of isidia are presented. Another series of experiments report a successful resynthesis of the photosymbiodeme Peltigera leucophlebia. Details of the thallus morphogenesis and the formation of cephalodia in culture are shown. The related Peltigera aphthosa was cultured from small thallus fragments. In this case, the alpine P. aphthosa forms solely the cephalodiate thallus. A cyanobacterial morphotype as known from other culture experiments and the related P. britannica is missing in culture. Further culture experiments are conducted with alpine species of the genus Cladorlia (e.g., C1. fimbriata, Cl. furcata). Results show a quick redifferentiation and regeneration of squamules and podetia both by soredia and fragments. The high capacity of thallus regeneration as shown for Cl. furcata seems to be abscnt in representatives of the Cladina group (c.g., Cl. portentosa, Cl. rangiferina).Resume : Les experiences de culture avec les lichens et les symbiontes lichkniques permettent de rkpondre h plusieurs questions sans rCponse, dans differents champs de la IichCnologie moderne. Les cultures sont particulierement utiles dans les recherches oh l'analyse de thalles croissant en nature n'est pas concluante et oh du materiel de recherche plus standardis6 est nCcessaire. Dans la premikre partie l'auteur prCsentc une courte revue de la resynthbse artificielle du lichen cyanobacterien Peltigera praetextata ainsi que de nouveaux resultats obtenus avec la culture d'isidies. Un autre ensemble d'experiences font Ctat d'une resynthese reussie chez le photosymbiodeme Pelfigera leucophlebia. On prksente les dCtails de la morphogtnese et la formation de ckphalodies en culture. Le Peltigera aphthosa apparent6 a Ct C cultiv6 a partir de petits fragments de thalle. Dans ce cas, le P. aphthosa alpin ne forme que des thalles ctphalodiCs. L'auteur n'a pas rkussi B cultiver un morphotype cyanobacterien tel que connu a partir de d'autres cultures expCrimentales ainsi que du P. britannica apparent&. D'autres cultures expCrimentales sont conduites avec des especes alpines du genre Cladonia (p. ex., Cl. fimbriata, Cl. furcata). On obtient une rapide redifferenciation et reg6nCration de squamules et de podeties a partir de soredies et de fragments. Cette importante capacitC de regentration telle que demontree chez le C1. furcata, semble absente chez les representants du groupe Cladina (p. ex., Cl. portentosa, Cl. rangiferina).

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“…Such chimeroid lichens, which contain green algae and cyanobacteria as photosynthetic components in different parts of a single thallus, are called photosymbiodemes. Free-living morphotypes, which contain only green algae or only cyanobacteria, are called chlorosymbiodemes and cyanosymbiodemes, respectively (James & Henssen, 1976 ;Brodo & Richardson, 1979 ;Tønsberg & Holtan-Hartwig, 1983 ;Ott, 1988 ;Honegger, 1991).…”

Section: mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cyanobiont specificity in some Nostoc‐containing lichens and in a Peltigera aphthosa photosymbiodeme

1998

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The cyanobacterial symbionts in some Nostoc-containing lichens were investigated using the nucleotide sequence of the highly variable cyanobacterial tRNA Leu (UAA) intron. When comparing different Nostoc-containing lichens, identical intron sequences were found in different samples of the same lichen species collected from two remote areas. This was true for all species where this comparison was made (Peltigera aphthosa (L.) Willd., P. canina (L.) Willd. and Nephroma arcticum (L.) Torss.). With one exception, a specific intron sequence was never found in more than one lichen species. However, for two of the species, Peltigera aphthosa and Nephroma arcticum, two different cyanobionts were found in different samples. By examining a P. aphthosa photosymbiodeme it could be shown that the same Nostoc is present in both bipartite and tripartite lobes of this lichen. It is thus possible for one cyanobiont\Nostoc to form the physiologically different symbioses that are found in bipartite and tripartite lichens. The connection between photobiont identity and secondary chemistry is discussed, as a correlation between differences in secondary chemistry and different cyanobionts\Nostocs in the species Peltigera neopolydactyla (Gyeln.) Gyeln. was observed. It is concluded that more knowledge concerning the photobiont will give us valuable information on many aspects of lichen biology.

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Chimeroid Associations in the Genus Peltigera

Cited by 39 publications

References 13 publications

Culture experiments and DNA sequence data confirm the identity ofLobariaphotomorphs

Culture experiments and DNA sequence data confirm the identity ofLobariaphotomorphs

Experimental cultivation of lichens and lichen symbionts

Cyanobiont specificity in some Nostoc‐containing lichens and in a Peltigera aphthosa photosymbiodeme

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