Chimeric Drosophila adults produced by transplantation of nuclei into specific regions of fertilized eggs

Okada, Masahisa; Kleinman, I.A.; Schneiderman, Howard A.

doi:10.1016/0012-1606(74)90240-1

Cited by 20 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Nuclei taken from the anterior of the syncytial blastoderm are able to contribute to germline formation when transplanted into the posterior of early cleavage embryos (Okada et al, 1974b). This simply supports the classical concept of germ cell determination by the posterior pole cytoplasm that includes germ plasm.…”

supporting

confidence: 69%

“…No cytoplasm other than pole plasm had ability to restore fertility to UV-irradiated embryos (Okada et al, 1974b). If an early cleavage embryo was transplanted with pole plasm at an ectopic region, pole cell-like round cells were formed at the transplanted site (Okada et al, 1974b). Those ectopic pole cells were neatly demonstrated to be capable of differentiating as germline cells (Illmensee and Mahowald, 1974).…”

Section: Pole Cell Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…UV-irradiated embryos restored fertility if they were transplanted immediately after the irradiation with pole plasm taken from non-irradiated embryos. No cytoplasm other than pole plasm had ability to restore fertility to UV-irradiated embryos (Okada et al, 1974b). If an early cleavage embryo was transplanted with pole plasm at an ectopic region, pole cell-like round cells were formed at the transplanted site (Okada et al, 1974b).…”

Section: Pole Cell Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Germline cell formation in <i>Drosophila</i> embryogenesis

Okada¹

1998

Genes Genet. Syst.

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The classical term germ cell determinant was defined to cover whole function of germ plasm, or morphologically remarkable cytoplasm localized in oocytes and germ cells. Since early 1970 consequential advances in technology, including microsurgery, genetic anatomy and gene manipulation, have allowed cytological and molecular analyses of pole plasm (germ plasm) in Drosophila embryos. A series of recent work has revealed that multiple factors or molecule species in pole plasm participate in a consecutive reactions resulting in germline formation. Two molecule species have been specified as playing roles in germline cell formation. One that participates in sequestering pole plasm from somatic environment is mitochondrial large ribosomal (mtlr) RNA, and the other involved in driving pole cells into the germline pathway is Nanos protein. Studies disclosed the roles of those two molecules are reviewed.

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supporting

confidence: 69%

Section: Pole Cell Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pole Cell Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Germline cell formation in <i>Drosophila</i> embryogenesis

Okada¹

1998

Genes Genet. Syst.

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“…As mentioned in the Introduction, cell ablation (21, 43) and nuclear transplantation (15,27) experiments indicate that, whereas the nuclei at cycle 10 are undetermined, by cycle 14 (i.e., the cellular blastoderm stage) each newly formed cell is determined as belonging to a given segment. For example, cells in the anterior region are destined to form head structures, whereas ceils in the middle of the em.bryo will form thoracic segments.…”

Section: Is Positional Information Stored In the Cortical Cytoplasm?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Organization of the cytoskeleton in early Drosophila embryos.

Karr¹,

Alberts²

1986

The Journal of Cell Biology

339

237

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Abstract. The cytoskeleton of early, non-cellularized Drosophila embryos has been examined by indirect immunofluorescence techniques, using whole mounts to visualize the cortical cytoplasm and sections to visualize the interior. Before the completion of outward nuclear migration at nuclear cycle 1 O, both actin filaments and microtubules are concentrated in a uniform surface layer a few micrometers deep, while a network of microtubules surrounds each of the nuclei in the embryo interior. These two filament-rich regions in the early embryo correspond to special regions of cytoplasm that tend to exclude cytoplasmic particles in light micrographs of histological sections. After the nuclei in the interior migrate to the cell surface and form the syncytial blastoderm, each nucleus is seen to be surrounded by its own domain of filament-rich cytoplasm, into which the cytoskeletal proteins of the original surface layer have presumably been incorporated. At interphase, the microtubules seem to be organized from the centrosome directly above each nucleus, extending to a depth of at least 40 ~m throughout the cortical region of cytoplasm (the periplasm). During this stage of the cell cycle, there is also an actin "cap" underlying the plasma membrane immediately above each nucleus. As each nucleus enters mitosis, the centrosome splits and the microtubules are rearranged to form a mitotic spindle. The actin underlying the plasma membrane spreads out, and closely spaced adjacent spindles become separated by transient membrane furrows that are associated with a continuous actin filament-rich layer. Thus, each nucleus in the syncytial blastoderm is surrounded by its own individualized region of the cytoplasm, despite the fact that it shares a single cytoplasmic compartment with thousands of other nuclei.

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“…This provided the first demonstration of transplantation of agents causing determination in an insect. They (Okada et al, 1974b) could produce adults by transplantation of genetically labeled nuclei from the anterior of donor embryos to the posterior pole of host embryos, supporting the idea that nuclei at the stage of nuclear multiplication are totipotent. Okada and his co-workers (Okada, Komatsu and Okumura, 1980;Togashi and Okada, 1982;Ueda and Okada, 1982) extended their research and obtained a subcellular fraction responsible for the induction of pole cells in sterilized embryos.…”

Section: Microinjection Nuclear Transplantation and Other Microvivismentioning

confidence: 57%

V-2 Micromanipulation

Hiramoto

1984

Cell Struct. Funct.

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Chimeric Drosophila adults produced by transplantation of nuclei into specific regions of fertilized eggs

Cited by 20 publications

References 17 publications

Germline cell formation in <i>Drosophila</i> embryogenesis

Germline cell formation in <i>Drosophila</i> embryogenesis

Organization of the cytoskeleton in early Drosophila embryos.

V-2 Micromanipulation

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