Chimeric contribution of human extended pluripotent stem cells to monkey embryos ex vivo

Tan, Tao; Wu, Jun; Si, Chenyang; Dai, Shao‐Xing; Zhang, Youyue; Sun, Nianqin; Zhang, E; Shao, Honglian; Si, Wei; Yang, Pengpeng; Wang, Hong; Chen, Zhenzhen; Zhu, Ran; Kang, Yu; Hernández-Benítez, Reyna; Martinez, Llanos Martinez; Núñez-Delicado, Estrella; Berggren, W. Travis; Schwarz, May; Ai, Zongyong; Li, Tianqing; Deng, Hongkui; Esteban, Concepción Rodrı́guez; Ji, Weizhi; Niu, Yuyu; Belmonte, Juan Carlos Izpisúa

doi:10.1016/j.cell.2021.03.020

Cited by 91 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…This is a new requirement making these experiments reportable, more because they might be of public interest rather than their raising unique ethical concerns. A recent example of this involved introducing “expanded potential” human pluripotent stem cells into macaque blastocysts that were then cultured to primitive streak stages, where they showed a modest contribution ( Tan et al., 2021 ). If such experiments involved the transfer of the embryos into the uterus of a non-human animal, this would fall under Category 2 because it would clearly demand consideration by the special review and oversight process (although this would exclude transfer into greater and lesser apes, which is prohibited).…”

Section: Notable New Guidancementioning

confidence: 99%

ISSCR Guidelines for Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation: The 2021 update

Anthony²,

et al. 2021

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The International Society for Stem Cell Research has updated its Guidelines for Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation in order to address advances in stem cell science and other relevant fields, together with the associated ethical, social, and policy issues that have arisen since the last update in 2016. While growing to encompass the evolving science, clinical applications of stem cells, and the increasingly complex implications of stem cell research for society, the basic principles underlying the Guidelines remain unchanged, and they will continue to serve as the standard for the field and as a resource for scientists, regulators, funders, physicians,

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Section: Notable New Guidancementioning

confidence: 99%

ISSCR Guidelines for Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation: The 2021 update

Anthony²,

et al. 2021

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“…This pattern, together with the transcriptome analysis ( Figures 1 F–1I and S1 G), strongly indicates that ffEPSCs exhibit a state very distinct from, but earlier than, naive or primed pluripotency. In addition, EPSCs were recently shown to be able to greatly advance the efficiency of generating gene-targeting mouse models ( Li et al., 2019 ), and contribute to inter-species chimerism ( Tan et al., 2021 ), indicating their significance and broad application. Herein, we believe that ffEPSCs can work as a key node between totipotency and pluripotency, and can serve as an advanced cell model to study early development at the molecular level in the future.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Derivation of feeder-free human extended pluripotent stem cells

Zheng

Geng

et al. 2021

Stem Cell Reports

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Summary Human extended pluripotent stem cells (EPSCs), with bidirectional chimeric ability to contribute to both embryonic and extraembryonic lineages, can be obtained and maintained by converting conventional pluripotent stem cells using chemicals. However, the transition system is based on inactivated mouse fibroblasts, and the underlying mechanism is not clear. Here we report a Matrigel-based feeder-free method to convert human embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells into EPSCs and demonstrate the extended pluripotency in terms of molecular features, chimeric ability, and transcriptome. We further identify chemicals targeting glycolysis and histone methyltransferase to facilitate the conversion to and maintenance of feeder-free EPSCs. Altogether, our data not only establish a feeder-free system to generate human EPSCs, which should facilitate the mechanistic studies of extended pluripotency and further applications, but also provide additional insights into the transitions among different pluripotent states.

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“…Another aspect of modification of humans is the development of chimeric individuals; as multicellular organisms, such experiments have already been conducted, resulting in rat/mouse, sheep/goat, mouse/human, pig/human, and most recently monkey/human chimeric embryos (Tan et al 2021).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Who are We, and Who (or What) Do We Want to Become? An Evolutionary Perspective on Biotransformative Technologies

Lyons‐Weiler¹

2021

Biol Theory

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Human evolution sits at several important thresholds. In organic evolution, interplay between exogenous environmental and genetic factors rendered new phenotypes at rates limited by genetic variation. The interplay took place on adaptive fitness landscapes determined by correspondence of genetic and environmental relationships. Human evolution involved important emergences that altered the adaptive landscape: language, writing, organized societies, science, and the internet. These endogenous factors ushered in transformative periods leading to more rapidly evolving emergences. I explore the impact of development of emerging biotransformative technologies capable of being applied to effect self-genetic modification and artificial intelligence-augmented cognition on the evolutionary landscape of phenotypes important to cognitive plasticity. Interaction effects will yield unanticipated emergences resulting in hyperrealm adaptive landscapes with more rapid evolutionary processes that feed back upon more fundamental levels while vastly outpacing organic evolution. Emerging technologies exist that are likely to impact the evolution of cognitive plasticity in humans in ways and at rates that will lead to societal upheaval. I show that the theoretical contribution of organic evolution in future human evolution is expected to become comparatively insignificant relative to that made by endogenous environmental factors such as external cognition aids and manipulation of the human genome. The results support the conclusion of a strong recommendation of a moratorium on the adoption of any technology capable of completely altering the course of human evolution.

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Chimeric contribution of human extended pluripotent stem cells to monkey embryos ex vivo

Cited by 91 publications

References 64 publications

ISSCR Guidelines for Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation: The 2021 update

ISSCR Guidelines for Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation: The 2021 update

Derivation of feeder-free human extended pluripotent stem cells

Who are We, and Who (or What) Do We Want to Become? An Evolutionary Perspective on Biotransformative Technologies

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