Chilling resistance of somatic hybrids of tomato and potato

Smillie, Robert M.; Melchers, Georg; Wettstein, Diter von

doi:10.1007/bf02906293

Cited by 33 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The recent production of somatic hybrids of potato and tomato (14,22) has provided interesting material for the study of chilling tolerance since one parent is chilling tolerant (potato) while the other (tomato) is chilling sensitive (29). Chlorophyll fluorescence photography has also been used to compare chilling tolerance of domestic tomatos with altitudinal forms of the wild tomato L. Hirsutum (R. PAULL and W. E. RtJsmoN, pers.…”

Section: Chilling Sensitivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand the hybrid 2a/2a/36d/ $3 is almost an amphiploid with one set of chromosomes from each species and the tomato chloroplast DNA. Screening methods based on photography of chlorophyll fluorescence could be useful in attempts to transfer chilling resistance genes from potato to tomato as suggested by SMILLIE et al (29).…”

Section: Chilling Sensitivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chlorophyll fluorescence photography to detect mutants, chilling injury and heat stress

Gibbons

Smillie

1980

Carlsberg Res. Commun.

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Chlorophyll fluorescence photography with high speed colour film has been used to examine: (i) kinetics of the rise and fall of variable fluorescence in barley leaves, (ii) detection of high fluorescing mendelian and maternally inherited mutants of barley, (iii) detection of protochlorophyllide-deflcient and protochlorophyllideaccumulating mutants of barley, (iv) heat stress by photographing the increase of initial fluorescence in heated leaves, and (v) decrease in variable fluorescence in leaves of peanut, tomato and tomato-potato somatic hybrids associated with the development of chilling injury. Filter combinations and a light source for photographing chlorophyll fluorescence are described. The relative intensity and kinetics of the fluorescence from the plants photographed was also measured, so that this could be correlated with fluorescence as detected by photography, and to facilitate the determination of optimal conditions for fluorescence photography.Abbreviations: Fo = initial fluorescence; Fv = variable fluorescence; Fs = steady state fluorescence.

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Section: Chilling Sensitivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Chilling Sensitivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Chlorophyll fluorescence photography to detect mutants, chilling injury and heat stress

Gibbons

Smillie

1980

Carlsberg Res. Commun.

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“…1978 First intergeneric somatic hybrid plant was produced (Melcher et al, 1978) with introduced chilling tolerance (Smillie et al, 1979(Smillie et al, ). 1978(Smillie et al, -1980 First asymmetric somatic hybridlcybrid plants were produced with transferred CMS, using ionising radiation to reduce genomic contribution from the donor (Zelcer et al, 1978;Aviv et al, 1980Aviv et al, ).…”

Section: Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Somatic Hybridization for Plant Improvement

Li¹,

Stoutjestijk

Larkin

1999

Morphogenesis in Plant Tissue Cultures

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“…In conventional breeding, however, the use of genic MS requires many generations of backcrossing and selection from original sources. A method to produce MS in one step within a desired cultivar would, therefore, be extremely useful.Symmetric hybrids between tomato and potato, produced by protoplast fusion (3-5), showed an intermediate cold tolerance (6). Substitution of Solanum acaule genome into Solanum tuberosum could result in an appreciable increase of frost resistance (7,8).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Symmetric hybrids between tomato and potato, produced by protoplast fusion (3)(4)(5), showed an intermediate cold tolerance (6). Substitution of Solanum acaule genome into Solanum tuberosum could result in an appreciable increase of frost resistance (7,8).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

One-step generation of cytoplasmic male sterility by fusion of mitochondrial-inactivated tomato protoplasts with nuclear-inactivated Solanum protoplasts.

Melchers

Mohri

Watanabe

et al. 1992

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Mesophyll protoplasts of Lycopersicon esculentum were treated with iodoacetamide to inactivate mitochondria, and protoplasts of Solanum acauk and Solanum tuberosum were irradiated with v-or x-rays to inactivate nuclei. Mixtures of protoplasts thus modified were treated with Ca2+ and polyethylene glycol to obtain heterologous fusion products. Among the fusion products were some tomato plants that were indistinguishabl from the original cultivars with respect to morphology, physiology, and chromosome number (2N = 24) but exhibited various degrees of male sterility (MS): complete lack or malformation of anthers, shrunken pollen, and normal-looking stainable pollen that could not germinate. The MS thus induced in five cultivars ofdifferent growth types, including one of subspecies L. escukntum cerasforme, was inherited maternally over several generations and is, therefore, cytoplasmically determined MS (CMS). Analysis of mitochondrial DNA revealed that the mitochondrial genome of the CMS hybrids does not contain all elements ofthe mitochondrial DNA of either parent but includes sequences of a recombinational nature not present in either parent. The CMS hybrids, therefore, possess a true hybrid mitochondrial genome. The same procedure applied to fusion of tomato with Solaxum lycopersicoides and Nicoiana Atbacum cells did not produce CMS phenotypes. The advantages of this method &ver others for generating MS are as follows: (i) only one step is required; (i) the nuclear genotype of the cultivar is unaffected; (ija the prospect that cytoplasmic determination allows generation of 100% CMS progenies. The normal-appearing but nonfunctional pollen ofcertain CMS types might render them attractive to pollinating bumblebees that thus would facilitate production of hybrid seed.Male sterility (MS) can be artificially introduced into flowering plants by chemical treatment, by delivery of nuclear and/or organellar genes (1), or by transformation with a chimeric gene composed of an anther-specific promoter and a ribonuclease gene (2). In the production of hybrid seed, the need for MS plants is increasing to avoid manual emasculation offemale parents, as =40%o of the total labor is expended for this task, and to avert contamination by self-pollination. In conventional breeding, however, the use of genic MS requires many generations of backcrossing and selection from original sources. A method to produce MS in one step within a desired cultivar would, therefore, be extremely useful.Symmetric hybrids between tomato and potato, produced by protoplast fusion (3-5), showed an intermediate cold tolerance (6). Substitution of Solanum acaule genome into Solanum tuberosum could result in an appreciable increase of frost resistance (7,8). Subsequently, experiments were initiated to compare different fusion methods in this system. For this purpose tomato protoplasts were inactivated with iodoacetamide (IQA), which damages mitochondria and seems not to affect nuclear genomes, and the fusion partners of S. acaule or S. tuberosum were tr...

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Chilling resistance of somatic hybrids of tomato and potato

Cited by 33 publications

References 12 publications

Chlorophyll fluorescence photography to detect mutants, chilling injury and heat stress

Chlorophyll fluorescence photography to detect mutants, chilling injury and heat stress

Somatic Hybridization for Plant Improvement

One-step generation of cytoplasmic male sterility by fusion of mitochondrial-inactivated tomato protoplasts with nuclear-inactivated Solanum protoplasts.

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