Chilling and heat requirements of apricot cultivars for flowering

Ruiz, David; Campoy, José Antonio; Egea, J.

doi:10.1016/j.envexpbot.2007.06.008

Cited by 219 publications

(209 citation statements)

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“…In Prunus, the CR rather than the heat requirement is the major factor determining leafing and blooming time (Egea et al, 2003;Fan et al, 2010;Ruiz et al, 2007;Sánchez-Pérez et al, 2012). Early genetic studies in apple and apricot have indicated that the lowchill characteristic is dominant and results from the involvement of at least one dominant gene (Hauagge and Cummins, 1991;Tzonev and Erez, 2003); recent reports however, have questioned this hypothesis (Campoy et al, 2011b;Fan et al, 2010) and further evidence is required to determine whether the low-chill characteristic is dominant in Prunus.…”

Section: Genetic Approaches For Prunus Dormancy Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of Bud Dormancy and Bud Break in Japanese Apricot (Prunus mume Siebold ^|^amp; Zucc.) and Peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch]: A Summary of Recent Studies

Yamane

2014

J. Japan. Soc. Hort. Sci.

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Bud dormancy allows most deciduous fruit tree species to avoid injury in unsuitable environments, synchronize their annual growth, and adapt to a temperate zone climate. Because bud dormancy affects next season's fruit production and vegetative growth, it is considered one of the most important physiological factors that control fruit production. Recent global climate changes require us to better understand the genetic factors regulating bud dormancy, especially those that induce dormancy release and subsequent bud break. In this review, environmental factors that affect the seasonal dormancy depth of Japanese apricot (P. mume Siebold & Zucc.) and peach [P. persica (L.) Batsch] are first outlined. Next, recent progress of genetic, biochemical, and molecular biological studies of Prunus dormancy regulation is described. Recent advances in functional genomics have promoted the discovery of gene function and gene networks associated with bud dormancy regulation. A group of candidate genes for bud dormancy regulation, the DORMANCY-ASSOCIATED MADS-box (DAM) genes in Prunus, are focused. Recently reported expressional analysis suggests a significant role for DAMs in dormancy release and bud break of Japanese apricot and peach vegetative buds. Transformation studies of PmDAM6 have demonstrated that it has an inhibitory effect on the apical growth of poplar (Populus spp.). As bud dormancy is a quantitative polygenic trait, not only DAMs, but also other genes and gene networks appear to regulate bud dormancy. Ongoing and future studies will undoubtedly facilitate the unveiling of the molecular aspects of bud dormancy regulation in temperate fruit tree species of Prunus.

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Section: Genetic Approaches For Prunus Dormancy Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of Bud Dormancy and Bud Break in Japanese Apricot (Prunus mume Siebold ^|^amp; Zucc.) and Peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch]: A Summary of Recent Studies

Yamane

2014

J. Japan. Soc. Hort. Sci.

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“…Variations in flowering time occur due to the differences in the chilling and heat requirements before flowering. However, studies conducted on apricot (Ruiz et al, 2007), sweet cherry (Alburquerque et al, 2008) and peach (Okie and Blackburn, 2008) suggested that in Prunus, chilling requirements have much stronger effects on flowering time than heat requirements. Genotypes with low chilling requirements bloom early in cold regions and are susceptible to late frost damage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the genetic determinism of two key phenological traits, flowering and maturity dates, in three Prunus species: peach, apricot and sweet cherry

et al. 2012

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The present study investigates the genetic determinism of flowering and maturity dates, two traits highly affected by global climate change. Flowering and maturity dates were evaluated on five progenies from three Prunus species, peach, apricot and sweet cherry, during 3-8 years. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) detection was performed separately for each year and also by integrating data from all years together. High heritability estimates were obtained for flowering and maturity dates. Several QTLs for flowering and maturity dates were highly stable, detected each year of evaluation, suggesting that they were not affected by climatic variations. For flowering date, major QTLs were detected on linkage groups (LG) 4 for apricot and sweet cherry and on LG6 for peach. QTLs were identified on LG2, LG3, LG4 and LG7 for the three species. For maturity date, a major QTL was detected on LG4 in the three species. Using the peach genome sequence data, candidate genes underlying the major QTLs on LG4 and LG6 were investigated and key genes were identified. Our results provide a basis for the identification of genes involved in flowering and maturity dates that could be used to develop cultivar ideotypes adapted to future climatic conditions. Heredity (2012) 109, 280-292; doi:10.1038/hdy.2012.38; published online 25 July 2012Keywords: Prunus; phenology; flowering date; maturity date; QTL analyses; candidate gene INTRODUCTIONIn the context of global climate change, flowering phenology of deciduous tree species is crucial as it may affect their productivity. In fruit tree orchards, flowering phenology has an indirect influence on spring frost damage, pollination, dormancy and maturity. Even though in a warming scenario, the current risk of frost damage might remain a preoccupation for growers subsequently to advanced flowering time and more irregularities of temperature conditions. Moreover, new risks are emerging as disruptions in floral phenology synchronization, which may disturb pollination for varieties that necessitate cross pollination. In addition, marked changes in the order of flowering time within a varietal range or between adjacent cropping areas may modify the orders of fruit maturity time and consequently disturb commercial specificities.The Prunus genus, within the Rosaceae family, is characterized by species that produce drupes as fruit, and can be divided into three major subgenera: Amygdalus (peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch) and almond (Prunus dulcis Mill.)), Prunophora (apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.)), Cerasus (sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) and sour cherry (Prunus cerasus L.)). All these species are grown in climates with well-differentiated seasons where they have adapted to survive to low winter temperatures and summer drought. In Prunus, as in most woody perennials, the physiology and biochemistry of the flowering

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“…In many parts of the world, fruit growers use winter chill models to identify appropriate tree cultivars for their production sites. This practice is common in most subtropical growing regions, such as Israel (Erez et al 1979), South Africa (Linsley-Noakes and Allan 1994), Spain (Ruiz et al 2007) and California (Baldocchi and Wong 2008). Growers in these regions generally know very well how much …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate change effects on winter chill for tree crops with chilling requirements on the Arabian Peninsula

2009

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Fruit production systems that rely on winter chill for breaking of dormancy might be vulnerable to climatic change. We investigated decreases in the number of winter chilling hours (0-7.2 • C) in four mountain oases of Oman, a marginal area for the production of fruit trees with chilling requirements. Winter chill was calculated from long-term hourly temperature records. These were generated based on the correlation of hourly temperature measurements in the oases with daylength and daily minimum and maximum temperatures recorded at a nearby weather station. Winter chill was estimated for historic temperature records between 1983 and 2008, as well as for three sets of synthetic 100-year weather records, generated to represent historic conditions, and climatic changes likely to occur within the next 30 years (temperatures elevated by 1 • C and 2 • C). Our analysis detected a decrease in the numbers of chilling hours in high-elevation oases by an average of 1.2-9.5 h/year between 1983 and 2008, a period during which, according to the scenario analysis, winter chill was sufficient for most important species in most years in the highest oasis. In the two climate change scenarios, pomegranates, the most important tree crop, received insufficient chilling in 13% and 75% of years, respectively. While production of most traditional fruit trees is marginal today, with trees barely fulfilling their chilling requirements, such production might become impossible in the near future. Similar developments are likely to affect other fruit production regions around the world.

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Chilling and heat requirements of apricot cultivars for flowering

Cited by 219 publications

References 0 publications

Regulation of Bud Dormancy and Bud Break in Japanese Apricot (Prunus mume Siebold ^|^amp; Zucc.) and Peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch]: A Summary of Recent Studies

Regulation of Bud Dormancy and Bud Break in Japanese Apricot (Prunus mume Siebold ^|^amp; Zucc.) and Peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch]: A Summary of Recent Studies

Comparison of the genetic determinism of two key phenological traits, flowering and maturity dates, in three Prunus species: peach, apricot and sweet cherry

Climate change effects on winter chill for tree crops with chilling requirements on the Arabian Peninsula

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