Chilled ammonia process for CO2 capture

Results from trialling aqueous NH3 based post-combustion capture in a pilot plant at Munmorah power station: Absorption

“…Alstom and Powerspan are the two major players in this area. Alstom is developing a chilled NH 3 process, in which, as described in the open literature (Darde et al, 2009;Kozak et al, 2009;Valenti et al, 2009), CO 2 is absorbed in highly ammoniated solution at low temperatures (0-20 • C), producing a slurry containing ammonium bicarbonate. In the stripper, ammonium bicarbonate is converted to ammonium carbonate at temperatures above 100 • C and pressures of 20-40 bar.…”

Parametric analysis and potential prediction of membrane processes for hydrogen production and pre-combustion CO 2 capture

“…In most traditional adsorption cases, the energy consumption of capturing CO 2 is 1-3 GJ ton À 1 CO 2 , as reported in the literature (Bounaceur et al, 2006;Kozak et al, 2009). Membrane separation technology effectively utilized the pressure of feed gas as the driving force.…”

Formation of solids in ammonia-based CO2 capture processes — Identification of criticalities through thermodynamic analysis of the CO2–NH3–H2O system

“…Given the composition and temperature, the NH 3 -WW product stream resembles the conditions found in the CO 2 -desorber rather than those found in the CO 2 -absorber. Hence, an addition to the CO 2 -desorber as suggested by Kozak et al (2009) and in one of the layouts presented by Valenti et al (2013) may also be a reasonable strategy -provided that both desorbers are operated at the same pressure.…”

“…In the end, pilot tests revealed that handling solids in a packed column is hardly feasible due to equipment clogging and the resulting difficulties in plant operation and control. Accordingly, the current CAP implementations avoid solid formation by limiting the NH 3 and CO 2 concentrations as well as the chilling (Yu et al, 2011;Kozak et al, 2009). …”

“…The CAP was patented in 2006 (Gal, 2006) and was developed towards commercialization by Alstom Power (Kozak et al, 2009;Telikapalli et al, 2011). After several pilot test campaigns with a variety of real flue gases (Karlshamm, high-sulfur fuel oil; Pleasant Prairie, coal; Mountaineer, coal; Mongstad, NGCC or refinery cracker) at a scale of up to 54 MW th , the technology can be considered on the verge of commercialization .…”