Chile since 1958

Angell, Alan

doi:10.1017/cbo9780511609503.005

Cited by 9 publications

(40 citation statements)

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“…Allende's government expropriated all estates in excess of 80BIH. 3 By 1972, all such estates -making up some 60% of all irrigated land -were in state hands ready for redistribution [4]. This was operationalised through the establishment of collectives termed 'agrarian reform centres' (CERA), which combined a number of adjacent estates to form large 'rationalised' production units.…”

Section: The Structuralist Land Reform Period In Chilementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The decision to allow individual titles backfired in that it undermined the reform's collective ideals, as many peasants neglected their collectives in favour of their own individual plots [2,5,6]. Consequently, wheat and potato production declined by a third while sugar-beet slumped by more than 40%, precipitating a fourfold increase in food imports at a time when foreign exchange earnings were already stretched [4]. This combined with right-wing actions to disrupt food production and distribution led to a virtual collapse in Chile's commercial agricultural system.…”

Section: The Structuralist Land Reform Period In Chilementioning

confidence: 99%

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Global Value Chains and Disappearing Rural Livelihoods: The Degeneration of Land Reform in a Chilean Village, 1995-2005

Murray¹

2011

TOARSJ

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This article assesses land ownership patterns among small-scale producers of non-traditional fruit exports (NTAX) in El Palqui, Chile, in the context of the country's extensive neoliberal reforms during dictatorial rule from 1973-1989 and their continuation under successive democratic Concertación governments since 1990. It reports on work that revisits an export boom locality ten years after an initial study in 1995 and traces the impacts on local farmers of neoliberal restructuring and insertion into global chains. It concludes that small farmers have continued to lose their land to companies and larger farmers, effectively reversing the land reform which took place in the locality in the 1970s. Ultimately without protection small farmers will find it increasingly difficult to sustain their livelihoods. This threatens to undermine the stated goal of growth with equity in the Chilean countryside.

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Section: The Structuralist Land Reform Period In Chilementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Structuralist Land Reform Period In Chilementioning

confidence: 99%

Global Value Chains and Disappearing Rural Livelihoods: The Degeneration of Land Reform in a Chilean Village, 1995-2005

Murray¹

2011

TOARSJ

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“…51 Yet at the same time, Freire observed and saw the need to confront the ' marks of old structures colliding with the new forms of behaviour demanded by recently installed structures ' like the asentamiento. 56 The worst drought in 100 years of record keeping in Chile was wreaking havoc in the countryside, as well. The statemanaged asentamientos, for example, which had been envisioned as transitional institutions, came to be seen as a more permanent solution to problems in the countryside.…”

Section: The Broader Context: Paternalism Factionalism and Radicalismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…80 Generally, Pérez Zúkovic promised to 'maintain order in the countryside'. 96 These new developments clearly generated conflict in the countryside and within society at large. The masses demanded more participation in the process of reform' that Chile was undergoing. '…”

Section: Consciousness Raising: Conflict and Retreatmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…81 One of Freire's closest Chilean associates, Marcela Gajardo, argued that something fundamental was at stake at this point. ' 97 Eight squatters had been killed in March 1969, in an action for which the Interior Secretary bore some responsibility. The government refused, and parts of the population took extreme attitudes ' and ' were suffocated by the authorities '.…”

Section: Consciousness Raising: Conflict and Retreatmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Paulo Freire, Eduardo Frei, Literacy Training and the Politics of Consciousness Raising in Chile, 1964 to 1970

Kirkendall

2004

J. Lat. Am. Stud.

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This article examines the politics of literacy during the administration of Chilean President Eduardo Frei. Literacy training was an essential part of Christian Democratic efforts to promote agrarian reform and rural unionisation and incorporate the peasantry into the Chilean political system. Paulo Freire, working for the ministries of agriculture and education, was able to employ his innovative ' consciousness raising ' techniques throughout Chile. In practice, the campaign often blurred the line between creating a critical consciousness and creating a Christian Democratic consciousness, while Freire himself became caught up in political struggles within the administration over the extent and pace of reform.Illiteracy in the Latin America of the 1960s became a major issue with implications for the distribution of power in urbanising societies. The Cuban Revolution claimed to have reduced the number of people who could not read and write from 23 per cent to less than four per cent through the voluntary efforts of adults and secondary school students. 1 Responding to this challenge from the Cuban government, the US-sponsored Alliance for Progress, as part of its plan to modernise Latin America and promote social reform in order to prevent revolution, promised to end illiteracy in the region by 1970. Within that Cold War context, as well as within the general post-war drive for social and economic development, Paulo Freire had developed new techniques for training adults to read and write. These would not reach their Andrew J. Kirkendall is an Associate Professor of History at Texas A&M University.* Funding for the research for this article was provided by Texas A&M University's College of Liberal Arts Faculty Research Enhancement Award programme, Center for Humanities Research fellowship programme and the history department. The author wishes to express his gratitude for the helpful suggestions provided by those colleagues in his department who, in the spring of 2002, were still untenured, as well as those from the three anonymous JLAS reviewers.

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Social Policy and Mortality Decline in East Asia and Latin America

McGuire

2001

World Development

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Chile since 1958

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

Global Value Chains and Disappearing Rural Livelihoods: The Degeneration of Land Reform in a Chilean Village, 1995-2005

Global Value Chains and Disappearing Rural Livelihoods: The Degeneration of Land Reform in a Chilean Village, 1995-2005

Paulo Freire, Eduardo Frei, Literacy Training and the Politics of Consciousness Raising in Chile, 1964 to 1970

Social Policy and Mortality Decline in East Asia and Latin America

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